_Astacus angulosus_, 302, 310 _colchicus_, 302, 310 _dauricus_, 304, 310 _fluviatilis_, anatomy, general account of, 17–31 attachment of young to mother, 40, 351 branchial formula, 266 development, 205–226 distribution, geographical 44, 288, 298 distribution, chronological, 44 ecdysis, 32, 350 general characters, 6 growth, 31, 349 habits, 8 {364} histology, 174 mortality, 127 muscular system, 90 myths concerning, 44 name, origin of, 13 nervous system, 101 newly hatched young, characters of, 219 nutrition, 48 occurrence, 5, 8 organs of alimentation, 51 circulation, 68 excretion, 82, 353 hearing, 116 reproduction, 128 respiration, 75, 353 sight, 118 smell, 114 taste, 115 touch, 113 prehension of food, 49 putrid, effect of smell of, 45 reproduction of lost limbs, 38 reproduction, sexual, 39, 128, 135, 350 sexual characters, 7, 20, 32, 145, 241 somites and appendages, 143 systematic description, 230 use as food, 10, 289 varieties, 289 _fontinalis_, 290 _japonicus_, 304 _klamathensis_, 305 _leniusculus_, 305 _leptodactylus_, 299, 302, 303, 310, 320 _nigrescens_, 244 _nobilis_, 290, 295, 296, 299, 310 _oreganus_, 305 _pachypus_, 302, 310 _pallipes_, 290 _politus_, 344 _saxatilis_, 290 _Schrenckii_, 304, 310 _torrentium_, 290, 294, 298, 310, 311 _tristis_, 290 _Trowbridgii_, 305 _Atya_, _Atyidæ_, 331, 336 Auditory organ, 116 setæ, 116 Australian Crayfishes, 306 province, 314 Austrocolumbian province, 314 _Axius_, 271 B. Ball, R., quoted, 36 Basipodite, 143 BELL, T., quoted, 37, 42 Bile-duct, 61, 66 Biological sciences, scope of, 4 Blastoderm, 207 Blastomere, 205 Blastopore, 209 Blood, 31, 68, 176 corpuscles, 69, 176 development of, 224 sinuses, 50, 69 BOBRETSKY, referred to, 356 BOLIVAR, Dr., 298 Branchiæ, _Astacoides_, 266 _Astacopsis_, 264 {365} _Astacus_, 25, 75, 265 development of, 224 _Cancer_, 276 _Homarus_, 257 _Palæmon_, 270 _Palinurus_, 264 _Penæus_, 267 Branchial chamber, 25 formula, _Astacoides_, 266 _Astacopsis_, 264 _Astacus_, 266 _Cancer_, 277 hypothetically complete, 268 _Palæmon_, 270 _Palinurus_, 265 _Penæus_, 267 _Branchiobdella_, 356 Branchiostegite, 25 development of, 217 BRAUN, quoted, 352 Brazilian Crayfishes, 306 C. Cæcum, 61 Calcification of exoskeleton, 197 Californian Crayfishes, 243 _Cambarus_, 44, 247, 310, 312 _Cancer_, 272, 283 Carapace, 19 development of, 214 CARBONNIER, M., quoted, 297, 349, 350 Cardia, 52 _Caridina_, 330 Carpopodite, 165 Cell, 66, 199 Cell-aggregate, 190, 199 division, 200 theory, 202, 204 Cephalic appendages, 170 development of, 217 flexure, 163 somites, 154