Cephalon, 19, 141 Cephalothorax, 19 Cervical groove, 19 spines, 234 CHANTRAN, M., quoted, 348, 350, 351 Chelæ, 22 Chilian Crayfishes, 308 Chitin, 50 composition of, 347 _Chæraps_, 250 Chorology, 46 Circulation, 73 organs of, 68 Common knowledge and science, 3 Connective tissue, 178 development of, 224 COPE, Prof., quoted, 316 Cornea, 118 Coxopodite, 143 Coxopoditic setæ, 78 Crab, see _Cancer_ Crab’s-eye, see Gastrolith _Crangon_, 272 Crayfish, origin of name, 12 common, see _Astacus fluviatilis_ Crayfishes, Amurland, 304 Asiatic, 304 Australian, 306 Brazilian, 306 Californian, 243 Chilian, 308 definition of, 254 Eastern North American, 247, 305 European, 288, 297 evolution of, 331 Figian, 306, 313 Japanese, 304, 313 Mascarene, 308, 313 northern and southern, compared, 252 Novozelanian, 306, 313 southern, 249 Tasmanian, 306 Western North American, 305, 313 _Crustacea_, 271, 278 Crystalline cones, 121 Cuticle, 33, 50, 175, 192 _Cyclas_, 356 D. Dactylopodite, 165 _Daphnia_, asexual reproduction of, 128 DARWIN, C., referred to, 4 DE HAAN, quoted, 313 Development, 205 abdomen, 213 abdominal appendages, 217 alimentary canal, 213, 222 antennæ, 214, 218 antennules, 214, 218 blood and blood vessels, 224 branchiostegite, 217 carapace, 214 cephalic appendages, 217, 219 connective tissue, 224 ear, 225 eye, 225 eyestalk, 214, 218 gills, 224 heart, 224 kidney, 224 labrum, 218 mandibles, 214 muscles, 224 nervous system, 213, 224 reproductive organs, 225 rostrum, 217 thoracic appendages, 217, 219 Digestion, 63 Distribution, 46 chronological, of crayfishes, 44, 316, 339 table of, 345 geographical, of crayfishes, 44, 288 causes of, 335 results of study of, 308, 314 DORMER, quoted, 356 DULK, quoted, 349 E. Ear, 116 development of, 225 Ecdysis, 32, 350 Écrevisse à pieds blancs, 289, 297 à pieds rouges, 289, 297 Ectoderm, 141 Ectostracum, 194 Edelkrebs, 290 Endoderm, 141 Endophragmal system, 157 Endopleurite, 158 Endopodite, 145 Endoskeleton, 17 Endosternite, 158 Endostracum, 194 _Engæus_, 250, 306 _Enoplocytia_, 342 Epiblast, 211 Epidermis, 140 Epimeron, 143 Epiostracum, 192 Epipodite, 167 {367} Epistoma, 155 Epithelium, 140, 177 _Equus excelsus_, occurring with fossil crayfishes, 316 _Eryma_, 341 Evolution of crayfishes, 331 Excretion, organs of, 82 Exopodite, 145 Exoskeleton, 17 chemical composition, 347 Eye, 118 compound, 122 development of, 225 Eye-stalk, 24, 173 development of, 214 F. Family, 252 Fat-cells, 180 Fibre, muscular, 185 Fibril, muscular, 185 Figian Crayfishes, 306 Filament, muscular, 185 Filter of stomach, 58 Flagellum, 167 Food-yelk, 206 Foot-jaws, _see_ maxillipedes Forceps, 22 Foregut, 61 development of, 213, 222