It is one of the common tricks of trade--when theologians argue upon
the immortality of the soul, they bring and ring in any amount of
biblical evidence to sustain them. They prove nothing. They cannot
prove anything. It is the standing puzzle. They try to unravel a
mysterious something that is not mysterious. Nor is there any need
of mystery. What is essential for us to know is the truth, plain
natural facts. There is nothing that we need be either ashamed or
afraid of. If we have been deluded by errors made several thousand
years ago, regarding the dual composition of man, or have been imposed
upon and intentionally retarded in the onward progress, it is time
to correct the error and remove the imposition. Let us have a clear,
intelligent view of things and look at them as they are. This mystery,
like other mysteries, can be cleared up by the light of science and
modern investigation.
What is the difference between man and animal? Articulate speech and
the susceptibility of the brain matter to a high degree of culture.
Mind is a term employed to designate the collective acquirements of
a man's brain. In proportion as the acquirements are greater or less,
the mind is greater or smaller.
These acquirements may be simple, complex, or profound. They may
be biased, general, or scientific; they may be deep, learned, or
superficial. They may be only a slight advance above the general
animal instinct; or may have assumed a superior intelligence and may
have arisen to a higher plane of intellectual qualities.
The acquirement or evolution of mental power and intellectual capacity
depends:
1. On the constitutionally inherited capacity and capability.
2. On the size and general conformation of the brain.
3. On the perfect condition of the organs of special sense.
4. On the quality of the nervous structure.
5. On the general physical constitution of the body.
6. On the evenly balanced equilibrium between the vital organs.
7. On the chemical elementary constituents that enter into the
composition of the various tissues, especially the nervous tissue.
8. And lastly on the education, training, or culture.
9. I may add, suggestively, on the relative quantity and quality of
the gray and white substance of the brain, etc., and perhaps on the
depth of the sulci and the size of the convolutions and the general
symmetry of the different lobes of the cerebrum, etc.
The brain of an idiot is not susceptible to culture or education. He
has all the senses, but of an inferior and imperfect order; a brain
insufficient in quantity and quality to be capable of acquiring
anything. No mind can be formed. The idiot has not any intellect. Has
he a soul?
Or supposing any portion of the brain is diseased and any one of the
special senses ceases to act, as sight, hearing, or any part of the
muscular tissue, and the intellect is impaired, either partially or
wholly incapacitated, then has the soul suffered any damage, or does
the soul remain intact?
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