=Front matter= (preceding the text) should include: =title page= with only title and author and no other information, =abstract page= with author, title, series, etc., following the established format; table of =contents= with indents reflecting the hierarchy of heads in the paper; also, =foreword= and/or =preface=, if appropriate. =First page of text= should carry the title and author at the top of the page; =second page= should have only the author's name and professional mailing address, to be used as an unnumbered footnote on the first page of printed text. =Center heads= of whatever level should be typed with initial caps of major words, with extra space above and below the head, but no other preparation (such as all caps or underline, except for the underline necessary for generic and specific epithets). Run-in paragraph heads should use period/dashes or colons as necessary. =Tabulations= within text (lists of data, often in parallel columns) can be typed on the text page where they occur, but they should not contain rules or numbered table captions. =Formal tables= (numbered, with captions, boxheads, stubs, rules) should be submitted as carefully typed, double-spaced copy separate from the text; they will be typeset unless otherwise requested. If camera-copy use is anticipated, do not draw rules on manuscript copy. =Taxonomic keys= in natural history papers should use the aligned-couplet form for zoology and may use the multi-level indent form for botany. If cross referencing is required between key and text, do not include page references within the key, but number the keyed-out taxa, using the same numbers with their corresponding heads in the text. =Synonymy= in zoology must use the short form (taxon, author, year:page), with full reference at the end of the paper under “Literature Cited.” For botany, the long form (taxon, author, abbreviated journal or book title, volume, page, year, with no reference in “Literature Cited”) is optional. =Text-reference system= (author, year: page used within the text, with full citation in “Literature Cited” at the end of the text) must be used in place of bibliographic footnotes in all Contributions Series and is strongly recommended in the Studies Series: “(Jones, 1910:122)" or “...Jones (1910:122)." If bibliographic footnotes are required, use the short form (author, brief title, page) with the full citation in the bibliography. =Footnotes=, when few in number, whether annotative or bibliographic, should be typed on separate sheets and inserted immediately after the text pages on which the references occur. Extensive notes must be gathered together and placed at the end of the text in a notes section.