[25] See his paper, “Lo Scheletro e la forma del naso nei criminali, nei pazzi, negli epilettici e nei cretini,” in the _Archivio di Psichiatria_ for 1888. Fasc. I.--Professor Héger, in a communication to the Société d’Anthropologie of Brussels, remarks that he is able to confirm many of Dr. Ottolenghi’s conclusions with reference to the nasal aperture in the cranium, by examination of the skulls of Belgian murderers. [26] Almost as well marked as this tendency to fair hair among Italian sexual offenders--which possibly may be a question of race--is the predominance of blue eyes. Ottolenghi, who considers it as one of the most constant characters of the class, gives the following figures:-- Blue. Brown. Greenish. Normal persons 29.04 per cent. 63.91 per cent. 7.05 per cent. Criminals 35.80 " 59.50 " 4.70 " Sexual offenders 49.60 " 45.76 " 4.64 " Bichromatism (irregular colouring) of the iris is also found with unusual frequency in this class of offenders. [27] Ottolenghi, “La canizie, la calvizie e le rughe nei criminali.” _Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1889, Fasc. I. [28] The surgeon of Leeds prison, in his answers to my Questions, records his opinion that the red-haired are “relatively more prevalent” among prisoners than among the ordinary population. This opinion stands alone, nor is it supported by any figures. [29] “Des Anomalies des organes génitaux chez les idiots et les épileptiques.” _Progrès Medical_, No. 7, 1888. [30] Ottolenghi, “Nuove Ricerche sui rei contro il buon costume.” _Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1888. Fasc. VI. [31] Ottolenghi, “II Ricambio Materiale nei Delinquenti-nati.” _Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1886. Fasc. IV. [32] _American Medico-Legal Journal_, June 1888. [33] _The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease, and Heredity._ By R. L. Dugdale. Putnam’s, New York, 1877. It may be as well to mention that when Continental writers refer to the “Yucke,” or “Yuke,” family, they mean the “Jukes.” [34] The cost being, at a very moderate estimate, 47,000 dollars for a single family during 75 years. The total cost Dugdale estimates at a million and a quarter dollars during this period, without taking into consideration the entailment of pauperism and crime on succeeding generations. The hereditary blindness of one man cost the town 23 years of out-door relief for two people, and a town burial. [35] For the sake of comparison with the non-criminal population, it may be mentioned that among 2739 soldiers of the Italian infantry Baroffio found only 41 tattooed--that is, 1.50 per cent.