insanity--Coleridge’s definition too inclusive-- Predestination and evolution--Criminality among the lower animals--Punishment preventive or retributive-- Schopenhauer’s doctrine of responsibility for character-- Remarkable trial of a Swiss toxicomaniac, Marie Jeanneret--“Method in Madness” not uncommon--Social safety the supreme law--Application of this principle to “Cranks”--Spirit of imitation peculiarly strong in such classes--Contagiousness of crime--Criminology now in a period of transition _p._ 193 APPENDIX A. De Actis Scindicorum Communitatis Sancti Julliani agentium contra Animalia Bruta ad formam muscarum volantia coloris viridis communi voce appellata Verpillions seu Amblevins _p._ 259 B. Traite des Monitoires avec un Plaidoyer contre les Insectes par Spectable Gaspard Bailly _p._ 287 C. Allegation, Replication, and Judgment in the process against field-mice at Stelvio in 1519 _p._ 307 D. Admonition, Denunciation, and Citation of the Inger by the Priest Bernhard Schmid in the name and by the authority of the Bishop of Lausanne in 1478 _p._ 309 E. Decree of Augustus, Duke of Saxony and Elector, commending the action of Parson Greysser in putting the sparrows under ban, issued at Dresden in 1559 _p._ 311 F. Chronological List of Excommunications and Prosecutions of Animals from the ninth to the nineteenth century _p._ 313 G. Receipt, dated January 9, 1386, in which the hangman of Falaise acknowledges to have been paid by the Viscount of Falaise ten sous and ten deniers tournois for the execution of an infanticidal sow, and also ten sous tournois for a new glove _p._ 335 H. Receipt, dated September 24, 1394, in which Jehan Micton acknowledges that he received the sum of fifty sous tournois from Thomas de Juvigney, Viscount of Mortaing, for having hanged a pig, which had killed and murdered a child in the parish of Roumaygne _p._ 336 I. Attestation of Symon de Baudemont, Lieutenant of the Bailiff of Nantes and Meullant, made by order of the said bailiff and the king’s proctor, on March 15, 1403, and certifying to the expenses incurred in executing a sow that had devoured a small child _p._ 338 J. Receipt, dated October 16, 1408, and signed by Toustain Pincheon, jailer of the royal prisons in the town of Pont de Larche, acknowledging the payment of nineteen sous and six deniers tournois for food furnished to sundry men and to one pig kept in the said prisons on charge of crime _p._ 340