The majority of persons in prison there because of their poverty--Poverty and drink--Poverty and petty offences-- Poverty and thrift--Poverty and destitution--Case of theft from destitution--Poverty and vagrancy--Unemployment and beggary--Formation of professional offenders--The case of the old--The degradation of the unemployed to unemployability--No ratio between the amount of poverty alone and the amount of crime--A definite ratio between density of population and crime--Slum life--Overcrowding-- Cases of destitution and overcrowding--Overcrowding and decency--Poverty and overcrowding in relation to offences against the person--The poor and officials--The absence of opportunity for rational recreation--The migratory character of the population--The multiplication of laws and of penalties--Transgressions due to ignorance and to inability to conform--Contrast between city and country administration--Case of petty offender--Treatment induces further offences--The city the hiding-place of the professional criminal--Crime largely a by-product of city life 67-94 CHAPTER III IMMIGRATION AND CRIME The stranger most likely to offend--The reaction to new surroundings--The difficulty of recovery--The attraction of the city--The Churches and the immigrant--Benevolent associations--The alien immigrants--Their tendency to hold themselves apart--Deportation--A language test required-- The alien criminal--His dangerous character--The need for powers to deal with him 95-102 CHAPTER IV SOCIAL CONDITIONS AND CRIME The millionaire and the pauper--Ill-feeling and misunderstanding--Social ambitions--Case of embezzlement-- Preaching and practice--Gambling--The desire to "get on"-- The need to deal with those who profit by the helplessness of others--Political action--Its difficulty--Legislation and administration--The official and the public--Personal aid--Fellowship 103-116 CHAPTER V AGE AND CRIME The inexperience of youth--The training of boys--Case of a truant--Another case--Intractability--The foolishness of parent and teacher--The absence of mutual understanding-- Recreation--Malicious mischief and petty theft--The cause thereof--The need for instructing parents--Pernicious literature--The other kind--The modern Dick Turpin--The boy as he leaves school--Amusements--Repression-- Blind-alley occupations--The adolescent--Physical strain of many occupations--Unequal physical and mental development--The street trader--Hooliganism--Knowledge and experience--The perils of youth--Old age 117-139 CHAPTER VI SEX AND CRIME