The sick--Prison hospitals--The removal of the sick to outside hospitals--The wisdom of this course--The essential difference between a prison and other public institutions--The treatment of refractory prisoners--The folly of assuming that rules are more sacred than persons--The position of the medical officer in relation to the prisoner--The danger of divided responsibility--The untried prisoner--His privileges--Civil prisoners-- Imprisonment for contempt of court--The convict--Short and long sentences 243-257 CHAPTER V THE PRISONER ON LIBERATION His condition--His need--Alleged persecution of ex-prisoners--Discharged prisoners' aid societies--Work-- Temptations--The discharged female offender--The attitude of women towards her--"Homes"--The women's objections to them--Pay--The religious atmosphere and the harmful associations--The effect of imprisonment 258-270 CHAPTER VI THE INEBRIATE HOME The need to find out why people do wrong before attempting to cure them--Enquiries as to inebriety--The inebriates-- Official utterances--Cost and results--The grievance of the unreformed--The time limit of cure--The causes of failure--The fostering of old associations--The prospect of the future spree--The institution habit 271-283 CHAPTER VII THE PREVENTION OF CRIMES ACT (1908) The Borstal experiment--Provisions for the "reformation of young offenders"--Is any diminution in the numbers of police expected?--Preventive detention--The implied confession that penal servitude does not reform and the insistence on it as a preliminary to reform--The prisoner detained at the discretion of the prison officials--The powers of the Secretary of State--The change under the statute--The necessary ignorance of the Secretary of State by reason of his other duties--The "committees"--The habits to be taught--The teaching of trades--The ignorance of trades on the part of those who design to teach them-- The difficulty of teaching professions in institutions less than that of teaching trades--The vice of obedience taught--Intelligent co-operation and senseless subordination--The military man in the industrial community 284-303 CHAPTER VIII THE FAMILY AS MODEL The basis of the family not necessarily a blood tie-- Adoption--The head and the centre of the family--The feeling of joint responsibility--The black sheep-- Companionship and sympathy necessities in life--Reform only possible when these are found--"Conversion" only temporary in default of force of new interests--The one way in which reform is made permanent 304-310 CHAPTER IX ALTERNATIVES TO IMPRISONMENT