The Criticism of the Fourth Gospel: Eight Lectures on the Morse Foundation, Delivered in the Union Seminary, New York in October and November 1904Sanday, W. (William)
Religion
The Criticism of the Fourth Gospel: Eight Lectures on the Morse Foundation, Delivered in the Union Seminary, New York in October and November 1904
Sanday, W. (William)
Bible. John -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
Nor does this state of things last only to the Feast of Tabernacles. It
still continues at the end of the December before the Passion. At the
Feast of the Encaenia, as Jesus is walking in Solomon’s Porch, the Jews
are represented as coming round Him and saying to Him, ‘how long dost
thou hold us in suspense (τὴν ψυχὴν ἡμῶν αἴρεις)? If thou art the
Christ, tell us plainly’ (x. 24). It is evident that up to this point,
so near the end, the claim of Jesus to be the Christ had never been so
plainly made as to be a matter of notoriety. It is true that Jesus
replied, ‘I told you, and ye believed not.’ The reference no doubt is to
the rather enigmatical sayings found in this Gospel. But even from these
it would seem that the inference was not direct and inevitable; and our
Lord is represented as going on to appeal not to His words, but to His
works (ver. 25). As to the nature of the sayings, there will be more to
be said later. But the broad conclusion seems to be that the writer of
this Gospel is as clearly conscious as any of the Synoptists of the real
course of events, and that he too was well aware that the Messiah, when
He came, had not forced a peremptory claim upon an unwilling people. It
may thus be seen that the anticipated confessions of the early chapters,
whatever we may otherwise think of them, are really subordinate and (so
to speak) accidental; the main course of the ministry is not conceived
differently in the Fourth Gospel and in the Synoptics.
III. The Nature of the Discourses.
Another of the objections brought against the Fourth Gospel that is not
without a certain amount of foundation is that from the nature of the
Discourses. It is said with some degree of truth that the discourses put
into the mouth of our Lord in this Gospel are different from those in
the Synoptics. We notice at once that the parables, which contribute so
much to our conception of the outward form and manner of our Lord’s
teaching, have dropped out. What St. John calls by that name, although
similar, is not exactly the same thing. Many of the discourses are
longer; for instance, that which is apparently addressed to Nicodemus in
chap. iii, the discourse after the healing of the impotent man in chap.
v, the discourse in the synagogue at Capernaum in chap. vi, and the last
discourses in chaps. xiv-xvii. And we observe further that the style of
many parts of these discourses, while it is not like that which we find
in the Synoptic Gospels, corresponds remarkably with the style of St.
John’s Epistles.
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