It has been mentioned that the greater prominence of the radial nerve and
the possession of special sensory organs in the proboscis were the only
points of difference I had noted between the nervous systems of Charybdea
and Tripedalia. These sensory organs remain to be described. They are
simple ciliated cysts containing a concretionary mass, and are situated
in the gelatine of the proboscis, irregularly disposed of at any level,
from the lips to the beginning of the stomach, and in any radius. In one
series of the adult animal fifteen were counted, of which seven were
situated about interradially, four perradially, two adradially and two
subradially. In another, twenty-one were counted, twelve in the perradii
and nine situated between the sub-and perradii. The one shown in Fig. 24
is in the perradial position, often seen. In the sections of the very
young Tripedalia in which the vascular lamella had not reached the adult
condition the sensory organs of the proboscis were not found, although
the sensory clubs showed practically no difference from the adult.
Their structure is very simple--merely a round or oval sac lined with
ciliated cells which bear up and keep in constant motion an irregular
coarsely granular concretion. Fig. 53 is a sketch made in Jamaica from
the living specimen. Sections were somewhat disappointing in that they
added but little. Fig. 55 was drawn to show that now and then a mucous
cell (_mc_) is found among the other cells of the sensory epithelium. An
irregular-shaped mass (_rc_) was always found inside the cysts as the
organic remains of the concretion. It gave no trace of cellular structure
and offered no evidence whether the concretion was the product of one or
few or of all the cells of the cyst. The latter would be unique among
the medusæ. Even if the otocyst is the result of the activity of only
one or a few cells, it is, so far as I know, the only case known for the
jelly-fish of a free, unsuspended concretion.
As to whether the cysts are of ectodermal or endodermal origin could not
be determined, but there was some evidence in favor of the latter. Fig.
56 is a drawing of one seen in optical section in a whole mount of part
of a proboscis, and shows a definite connection with the endoderm of the
proboscis. This was the only case when such connection was satisfactorily
established, but in sections it was not uncommon to find what seemed to
be the remains of the broken stalk, as in Fig. 54 (_rs?_). No connection
could be traced between the cysts and any other part of the nervous
system. As to function, the idea that they serve to give perception of
space relations suggests itself as readily as any other hypothesis.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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