The Cultivation and Manufacture of TeaMoney, Edward
Science
The Cultivation and Manufacture of Tea
Money, Edward
Tea
Could any part of Kumaon answer for Tea it would be the lower
elevations in the outer ranges of the hills, but these are precisely
the sites that have _not_ been chosen. Led, as in my own case, partly
by the Government example, partly by the wish to be _out_ of sight of
the “horrid plains,” and _in_ sight of that glorious panorama the snowy
range, planters have chosen the interior of Kumaon. Some wisely (I was
not one of them) selected low sites, valleys sheltered from the cold
winds; but even their choice has not availed much. The frost in winter
lingers longest in the valleys, and though doubtless the yield there is
larger, owing to the increased heat in summer, the young plants suffer
much in the winter. The outer ranges, owing to the heat radiating from
the plains, are comparatively free from frost, but there again the soil
is not so rich. Still they would unquestionably be preferable to the
interior.
Labour is plentiful in Kumaon and very cheap--Rs. 4 per mensem.
Transport is very expensive. It costs not a little to send Tea from the
interior over divers ranges of hills to the plains. It has then some
days’ journey by cart ere it meets the rail, to which 1,000 miles of
carriage on the railroad has to be added.
Since the above was written, Kumaon has secured a good local market,
and I believe sells most of its Tea unpacked to merchants who come from
over the border to buy it.
It has also improved its position greatly by making Green Teas, for
which, as observed before, the China plant is so well fitted. With
those two advantages, though the climate is inferior, I suspect that
Tea there now pays better than in Darjeeling.
Gurhwall is next to Kumaon, and so similar that I have not thought it
necessary to discuss it separately. The climate is the same, the soil
as a rule not so good. There is one exception though, a plantation near
“Lohba,” the Teas of which (owing, I conceive, to its peculiar soil)
command high prices in the London market. The gardens, both in Kumaon
and Gurhwall, have been generally much better cared for than those in
Eastern Bengal. As a rule they are private properties managed by the
owners.
HAZAREEBAUGH.
This district I have resided in since I wrote the first edition of this
Essay. The climate is too dry, and hot winds are felt there. A great
compensation, though, is labour; it is more abundant and cheaper in
this district than in any other. The carriage is all by land, and it
is some distance to the rail. But the Tea gardens at Hazareebaugh can
never vie with those in Eastern Bengal, inasmuch as the climate is very
inferior. The soil is very poor.
NEILGHERRIES.
The climate is superior to the Himalayan, for the frost is very slight.
Were, however, more heat there in summer, it would be better.
Some of the Teas have sold very well in the London market, for as
regards delicacy of flavour they take a high place.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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