The Cultivation and Manufacture of TeaMoney, Edward
Science
The Cultivation and Manufacture of Tea
Money, Edward
Tea
In many countries, for example Prussia (there I know it is so, for I
have tested it again and again), there are official records which can
and do show to whom any land in question belongs. This may scarcely be
practicable in India, but surely the question of title being, as it
is, in a far worse state in India than in most countries, any change
would be for the better. Anyhow, the present mode the Government adopts
in selling lands is a grievous wrong to the purchasers. Words cannot
describe the worry and loss some have suffered thereby, and it might
all be so easily avoided.
I have above detailed two of the drawbacks Tea had to contend with in
its infancy; the absurdly high price paid for land was the third.
Again, companies and proprietors of gardens wishing to have large
areas under cultivation gave their managers simple orders to extend,
not judiciously, but in any case. What was the result? Gardens might
be seen in those days with 200 acres of so-called cultivation, but
with 60 or even 70 per cent. vacancies, in which the greater part of
the labour available was employed in clearing jungle for 100 acres
further extension in the following spring. I have seen no garden in
Assam or Cachar with less than 20 per cent. vacancies, many with far
more; and yet most of them were extending. I do not believe _now_ any
garden in all India exists with less than 12 per cent. vacancies, but
a plantation as full as this did _not_ exist formerly.
As the expenditure on a garden is in direct proportion to the area
cultivated, and the yield of Tea likewise in direct proportion to the
number of plants, it follows the course adopted was the one exactly
calculated to entail the greatest expenditure for the smallest yield.
This unnecessary, this wilful extension, was the fourth and a very
serious drawback.
Under this head the fourth drawback may also be included--the fact
that the weeds in all plantations were _ahead_ of the labour; that is
to say, that gardens were not kept clean. This is more or less even
the case to-day; it was the invariable rule then. The consequence was
two-fold--_first_, a small yield of Tea; _secondly_, an increased
expenditure; for it is a fact that the land fifty men can keep always
clean, if the weeds are never allowed to grow to maturity and seed,
will take nearer one hundred if the weeds once get ahead. The results,
too, differ widely: in the first case the soil is always clear; in
the second clear only at intervals. The first, as observed, can be
accomplished with fifty, the latter will take nearly double the men.
The fifth drawback I shall advert to again later, _viz._, the selection
of sloping land, often the steepest that could be found, on which to
plant Tea. The great mischief thus entailed will be fully described
elsewhere. It was the fifth, and not the least, antagonistic point to
success.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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