We have no knowledge of any representations of brewhouses at this early period. The interesting picture of a sixteenth-century brewery is taken from a rare work by Hartman Schopper, entitled, “Πανοπλια, omnium illiberalium, mechanicarum, aut sedentariarun artium genera continens, carminibus expressa, cum venustissimis imaginibus omnium artificum negociationes ad vivum representantibus,” published at Frankfort-on-Main, 1568. The illustration would no doubt stand as well for a brewhouse of a much earlier period, judging from the written descriptions which we possess. The engraver of _Der Bierbreuwer_ was Jost Ammon, and the engraving is considered one of the best examples {133} of the art at this very early period. A plate taken from the same work, representing a cooperage, will be found on page 334. [Illustration: Der Bierbreuwer. Auß Gerſten ſied ich gutes Bier, Feißt und ſüß, auch bitter monier, In ein Breuwfeſſel weit und groß Darein ich denn den Hopſſen ſtoß, Laß den ich denn in Brennten fühlen daß Damit ſüll ich darnach die Faß, Wohl gebunden und wohl gebicht, Denn giert er und iſt zugericht. Beschreibung aller Stände (1568). ] The old German lines under the engraving of the Beer-brewer may be thus rendered into English: From barley I boil good beer, rich and sweet and bitter fashion. In a wide and big copper I then cast the hops. Then [after boiling the wort] I leave it to cool, and therewith I straightway fill the well-hooped and well-pitched [fermenting] vat; then it [the wort] ferments, and [the beer] is ready. There is no doubt that the brewers’ trade was originally held in little esteem, and was considered as mean and sordid (_de vile juggement_). The ignominious punishments and restrictions (some of which have been already mentioned) to which the old London brewers were subjected, prove that their status only slowly improved. In the time of Henry VIII., however, their position had so far advanced in repute that in the grant of arms then made to them, they are specified as “the Worshipful Occupation of the Brewars of the City.”