the shields of the enthusiastic throng whose campaigns hence took the designation of _Croisades_, or _Crusades_. On subsequent occasions the cross was employed in this general manner, especially when the interests of the church were concerned, as, for instance, at the battle of Lewes in 1264, when the soldiers of the baronial army marked themselves with a white cross for the purpose of distinguishing each other from the king's forces.[92] The plain cross, or cross of St. George, is the most antient form of this bearing; it differed, however, from the form now in use in having the horizontal bar placed higher than the centre of the upright. The alteration was doubtless a matter of convenience to allow the common charges of the field, when any occurred, a more equal space. But the cross has been so modified by the varying tastes of different ages, that Dame Juliana Berners, at a time when armory was comparatively simple, declares that "crossis innumerabull are borne dayli." The principal and most usual varieties of this ordinary are described in the 'Boke of St. Albans.' One of the most interesting forms is the _cross fitchée_, or 'fixibyll,' because being sharpened at the lower end it could be fixed into the ground, like the little crosses in Catholic cemeteries. It probably originated in the cross antiently carried by pilgrims, which answered the purpose of a walking-staff, and served, when occasion required, for the use of devotion. Next to this may be reckoned the _cross patée_, the _cross-crosslet_, the _cross patonce_, and the _cross moline_, called in the Boke a "mylneris cros," "for it is made to the similitude of a certain instrument of yrne in mylnys, the which berith the mylneston."[93] The plain cross _corded_, or entwined with ropes, was borne, according to the same authority, in the "armys of a nobull man, the which was some tyme a crafty man (handicraftsman), a _roper_ as he himself said." These crosses are fully described in the larger treatises on heraldry, together with numerous others. Berry's Encyclopædia Heraldica enumerates no less than THREE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FIVE varieties. [Illustration: Crosslet fitchee patee patonce moline Calvary.]