[232] According to Gladwin, after باره once followed in a series by هزار the same word is to be always understood――thus يک هزار باره فردرا is not a thousand _fard_, but one million _fard_. This word is not in the Burhan:――I have therefore followed Gladwin’s authority. But in the Desátir, or “Sacred Writings of the ancient Persian Prophets in the original tongue,” published at Bombay in 1818, the following passage occurs in the commentary of the Vth Sasan (English transl. p. 36): “They call a thousand times a thousand years a _ferd_; and a thousand _ferds_, a _werd_; and a thousand _werds_, a _merd_; and a thousand _werds_, a _jád_; and three thousand _jáds_, a _wád_; and two thousand _wads_, a _zád_;” etc.――D. S. [233] هيربد “Hirbed” (see Thomas Hyde, _Veterum Persarum et Parthorum et Medorum Religionis Historia, Oxon ii._ 1760, p. 369-372) was called a priest of the fire-worship; according to oriental authors, a priest of the ancient Persians was in general, called formerly مغ, ‘magh,’ or موغ ‘mogh,’ that is “excellent,” hence Magus, a Magian. The Magi are mentioned by Herodotus, and, according to Aristotle, were more ancient than the Egyptian priests. Clitarchus and Strabo, contemporaries, the one of Alexander, the other of Augustus, speak of the Magi. The latter says (lib. XV.): Εν δε τη Καππαδοκία, πολύ ἐστι το τῶν Μάγων φῦλον οἱ καὶ Πύρεθοι καλοῦνται· “In Kappadocia is a great multitude of Magi, called also Pyrethi.” (See Selden, De Dis Syris syntagma, Lipsiæ, 1662, p. 317, 318). An order superior to this class of priests was the بد, ‘mógh bed,’ or وبد, ‘mobed,’ a ‘prefect, or judge of the Magi,’ of the learned priests, or of the worshippers of the sun, in a general sense, a wise man, adorer of the sun. A third order of Persian priests was called تور, ‘dastur,’ or ‘superintendant.’ (See also _Zend-Avesta_, translated by Anquetil du Perron, t. II, pp. 516, 517, 553, 555.)――A. T. [234] ब्रह्मन् “Brahman.” [235] Gladwin “Mahuristar.” We read in the Commentary upon article 145 of the Desatir, English translation, p. 27: “In Pehlevi the Huristars are called _Athurnâns_――They are the Mobeds and Hirbuds whose duty is to guard the faith, to confirm the knowledge and precepts of religion, and to establish justice.”――A. T. [236] क्षत्त्रः, क्षत्त्रियः, क्षत्त्री, ‘kshatra, kshatriya, kshatri,’ a man of the military class, from क्षद् to divide, or eat, rather from क्षेत्रं, _kshétram_, ‘field,’ which they are to protect. This last from क्षि, _kshi_, ‘to dwell.’ [237] छत्रं, ‘_chhatraḿ_,’ a parasol, an umbrella, from छद ‘chhada,’ to cover.――A. T.