[253] Síyamak the son of Gilshah or Kaiomors, was killed in a battle against the Divs. ACCORDING ACCORDING TO FERDUSI: TO SIR W. JONES: [254] Húshang began to reign 3499 years B. C.; 865 years B. C. [255] Tehmúras ―― 3469 ―― ; 835 ―― [256] Jemshíd ―― 3429 ―― ; 800 ―― Jemshíd, also called Jermshár in the _Desátir_ (pp. 88, 89), according to Ferdusi the son of Tehmúras, according to the _Zend-Avesta_ the son of Viverghám, brother or son of Tahmúras. He, or rather his dynasty, ruled 700 years the Persian empire. He is believed to have been the first who amongst the Persians regulated the solar year, the commencement of which he fixed at the vernal equinox, about the 5th of April (see _Zend-Avesta_, by Anquetil du Perron, vol. II, p. 82). He is also distinguished by the epithet _Sad-wakhshur_, which signifies “hundred prophets;” to him is ascribed the book _Javedan Khirad_, “eternal intelligence,” which is said to have been translated into Greek, with other books, by order of Alexander (see _Desátir_, English transl. pp. 79, 153, 163).――A. T. [257] Zohak, the son of a sister of Jemshíd, usurped the throne of his uncle and sovereign, according to Ferdusi, 2729 years B. C.; according to Helvicus, 2248; according to Jackson, 1964; but only 780 years B. C., according to Sir W. Jones who, in general, fixes the ancient Persian reigns much lower than other chronologers. Zohak is also called _Pivar-asp_, or _Bivar-asp_, from the circumstance of his always keeping ten thousand Arabian horses in his stables, for _Bivar_, says Ferdusi, from the Pehlevi, in counting means in the Dárí tongue, ten thousand (see Rauzat-us-safá, Translat., p. 123; and also Mojmel-al-Tavarikh). The empire which Zokah founded is identified by some historians with the Assyrian monarchy of Semiramis, or with a Semitic domination in general. It lasted, according to the Orientals, 1000 years; according to Ctesias, Diodorus Siculus, Justin and Syncellus 13 or 1400, according to Herodotus only 520 years.――A. T. [258] Kiblah signifies that part to which people direct their face in prayer, the temple of Mecca to the devout Muhammedans; in a general sense, it means the object of our views or wishes.――A. T. [259] The text has گس, _Kerges_, a bird, feeding on carcasses, and living one hundred years.――A. T. [260] Bahram is also called _Manishram_ (Desátir, Engl. transl. p. 79). [261] Nahid appears also under the name of _Ferehengíram_ (ibid., p. 90). [262] Tir, also _Temirám_ (ibid., p. 102).――A. T.