The king also requires military commanders, in order that they may keep the soldiers in due discipline. The first dignity consists of the chiefs of a hundred thousand cavalry; the second, of the commanders of thousands; the third, of the commanders of hundreds; the fourth, of the rulers over tens; and the fifth, of those accompanied by two, three, four, or five persons. Thus in this assemblage every ten persons have an officer and every hundred a Sipahdar, called in the popular language of Hindustan _Bakhshi_, “pay-master,” in that of Iran, _Lashkar Navîs_, or “army-registrar,” and in Arabic, _Ariz_, or “notary:” a similar arrangement must be observed in the infantry. In like manner, when the military in regular succession are in attendance on the king, there is at court a _Bárnîgárî_, or “registrar,” to set down those who are absent as well as those present; in the popular language of India this officer is styled _Chauki Navîs_, or “register keeper;” they are accompanied by a _Shudahband_, an _Ustuwar_, and sentinels, so that they may not go to their homes nor give way to sleep until their period of duty is terminated: there are also different sentinels for day and night. It is also so arranged that there should be always four persons together on each watch, two of whom may indulge in sleep whilst the other two remain awake. In every city where the king is present there ought to be a _Shudahband_, to report to the king whatever occurs in the city: the same rule should be observed in the other cities also: this functionary they call, in India, _Wakia-Navis_, “news-writer.” There should also be a _Shahnah_, or “intendant of police,” styled _Farhang-i-roz_, “registrar of the day,” who is to conduct all affairs with due prudence, and not suffer people to inflict injury on each other. He is to have two _Shudahbands_ and an _Ustuwar_ or “confidential secretary.” In like manner, among the troops of the great nobles there must be two _Shudahbands_; and in all provinces a _Shahrdar_, or governor; and in every city a _Bud-andoz_, or collector-general, a _Sipah-dar_, that is a Bakhshi, and an intendant of police, or _Shahnah_; it is to be noted that among the Yezdánían, a _Kázî_ and _Shuhnah_ were the same, as the people practised no oppression towards each other. The _Shudahband_, the _Návand_ (writer), and the _Rávand_ (courier), or those who conveyed intelligence to the king, had many spies set over them secretly by his majesty, and all those officers wrote him an account of whatever occurred in the city. If the _Sipahdars_ did not give the men their just dues, these officers called them to account: also if a superior noble acted in a similar manner towards his inferiors, they instituted an inquiry into his conduct: they also took note of the spies; so that if any secret agent made himself known as such, he was immediately dismissed. If any one kept the due of the soldier or of the cultivator, in the name of the king, and did not account for it,