THE SECOND of the sixteen divisions of the Tark sastra is _Pramiti_,[335] that is, the comprehension of what is conjoint and concomitant. This division is subdivided into twelve parts, namely, 1. _Atmá_,[336] that is “spirit;” and means something which is distinct from what is material and sentient; something everlasting, eternal, very subtile in all bodies; 2. _Sarírá_,[337] that is “body;” and this they define to be the seat of sensuality and of maladies; 3. _Indriya_,[338] “the exterior senses;” and these they call the organs of perception; 4. _Artha_,[339] and this they declare to be “the earthly existences;” 5. _Buddhi_,[340] which they term “knowledge;” 6. _Manas_,[341] “or the interior sense, which with the Hindus is the heart,” and that is enough; 7. _Pravritti_,[342] and this consists in justice or injustice; 8. _Dósha_,[343] that is “sinful error,” and this is subdivided into three parts, viz.: _Rága_, and this is “sensual lust;” _Dvèsha_, that is, “hate, enmity;” _Muha_,[344] and this is “gross ignorance;” 9. the ninth of the twelve subdivisions is _Prétyabháva_,[345] which is “the reproduction either of the tree from the seed, or of the animal from the sperma;” 10. _Phal_,[346] or “the good consequence of the good, or the bad consequence of the bad,” which means “retribution;” 11. _Dukh_,[347] or “pain;” and 12. _Apavarga_,[348] that is, “delight,” or the satisfaction of truth, from which they derive emancipation, or _mukt_, in the language of their learned men. Whoever is in full possession of it banishes far from himself twenty-one maladies which they enumerate, namely: 1. _Saríra_,[349] or “the body;” 2. _Shadindriya_,[350] that is, “the six senses,” five of which are exterior, and the sixth is, according to the Hindus, the interior sense, except which they know of no other; they say, the _mind_ is the lord of the exterior senses; 3. _Shad-darsa_,[351] that is, “the six particular objects of the six senses;” so as seeing with the eye, hearing with the ear, smelling with the nose, tasting with the tongue, touching with the hand, and perceiving with the mind; he who sees is one, and that which is seen is another; so that there is a seeing eye and a seen object, whatever is seen, heard, smelled, tasted, touched, and impressed upon the mind, corresponds respectively to each of the six senses; and whatever is found by these six senses, or the six objects, are called _Shad-darsas_; these six, with the six former senses, and the saríra, or “body,” make thirteen; add to these six buddhaya, or “powers of comprehension;” further, _sukhá_,[352] or “sensual delight;” and finally, _dukh_, or “pain,” and you have the twenty-one affections before mentioned. THE THIRD of the sixteen parts of the Tarka is the _sanśaya_:[353] this consists in pondering whether a certain object be such a thing or another, as when a person sees from a distance an object and is not certain what it is, whether it be a mineral or a man.