The Dabistán, or School of manners, Volume 2 (of 3): translated from the original Persian, with notes and illustrations
Religion
The Dabistán, or School of manners, Volume 2 (of 3): translated from the original Persian, with notes and illustrations
Iran -- Religion; Religions
The third opinion is that of the _moderate Jabariahs_, and
also that of the Asharian, who maintain that God creates the
actions of man, good as well as bad, but that man _acquires_
them: that is to say, God creates the power by, under, and
with, which man acts, but man wills the action, and prepares
himself to it, which is called كسب _kasb_, “acquisition;” an
action therefore, with respect to creation, belongs to God,
but with respect to production, by which it is manifested,
that is, by “acquisition,” it depends upon man, and falls
under his power. Abul Hasan of Isfahan says, that what makes
an impression upon a fact, are the power of God and the
power of man _jointly_. When man applies his mind to
obedience, God creates in him the action of obedience, and
when he applies his mind to transgression, God creates in
him the action of transgression; and in that respect it is
man who brings into existence or produces his action,
although in reality he be not the producer.――(See on this
abstruse subject, Pocock, pp. 243-251, with quotations from
several authors.)
[538] The _Kadariahs_ or _Kadarian_ belong to the Motazalah
(Abul Faraj, p. 20). The Kadarian have been compared to the
Magians, inasmuch as they acknowledge two principles, light
and darkness, or good and evil; the first of which they
ascribe to God, the other to man and to the devil;
nevertheless, every thing belongs to God, as created by his
will; that is, with respect to creation; but the actions
belong to the actors.――(_Pocock_, pp. 234, 235, etc.)
[539] We have already seen, p. 323, that Muhammed has
predicted the division of his followers into seventy-three
sects (and not seventy-two, as above). Why seventy-three? It
was (see _Pocock_) to make Muhammedism have one sect more
than Christianism, which had seventy-two, counting one more
than Judaism, which, to have seventy-one, had added one to
the seventy sects of Magism.
[540] See p. 349, notes 1 and 2.
[541] See the names of the founders of the four principal
sects, notes, pp. 324-5, 328-9.
[542] The meaning of this passage appears to me to be that
Alí wished the Muselmans to apply to agriculture, which the
Arabs generally despise or neglect.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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