The Dabistán, or School of manners, Volume 2 (of 3): translated from the original Persian, with notes and illustrations
Religion
The Dabistán, or School of manners, Volume 2 (of 3): translated from the original Persian, with notes and illustrations
Iran -- Religion; Religions
It should be known that some things proceed from the exigencies of the
faith: thus the dissentient as well as the consentient use the same
prayers, and even the unbelievers admit, that in these Muhammed is
necessarily honoured. Several things are among the exigencies of the
faith, as for instance the office of an Imám, as the dissentient and
consentient know that, in point of faith, acknowledging the Imáms is
indispensable for strength, firmness, and unimpairable stability. It
should be known that, whatever is established from the verses of the
Koran renders the conforming of the action to it indispensable; but
what is expressed in an allegorical or ambiguous sense, we have not
the capacity of understanding; it is then evident that this is
particular to the prophet and to the Imáms, and we should not meddle
with it; further, we ought to conform our actions to the tradition of
the prophet and of the Imáms. As many traditions are opposed to each
other, and the distinction therein is arduous; on that account, if two
traditions present themselves to our view, such as to be contrary to
each other, then the Imám affords the believers a firm rule, which
proves to the understanding a protection from error. The truth is,
that when two traditions happen to contradict each other, _good
Theologians_ refer them to the incontrovertible authority of the
Koran; the tradition which is conformable to a verse of the Koran, is
that to which they refer the action, and ascribe to religious
zeal[590] the other tradition, and if this does not coincide with the
incontrovertible authority, as it exceeds your power to decide the
dubious question; fix then your eyes upon the creed of the opposers,
and observe by what rule they are actuated.[591] Whatever is contrary
to them, this tradition they should reckon to be truth; and whatever
agrees with the opposers, they should acknowledge as belonging to
religious zeal; and if both these traditions in the creed of the
opposers were laudable, they should consider, that a thing which
according to them deserves pre-eminence, is the contrary of that which
they ought to take. And if one says: “You have many opposers, and
there are seventy-and-two sects whose opinions are conflicting with
each other;” _I answer_: “The Imám declared that they ought to proceed
upon a road contrary to that upon which the victorious, the rulers,
and the learned among the opposers, walk; and if, nevertheless, it may
appear to all that they find themselves upon the same road; there are
then two laws: according to whichever of the traditions they act, it
does not matter in that tradition in which way it comes from the
_mâsúm_,[592] provided, without doubt, it comes from the Imám; and the
Imám is a person to whom obedience is obligatory. Moreover, by
whichever authority they act, they must conform their action to the
direction of the Imám. Another thing is to be said: “Have patience
until the time of the happy meeting with the Imâm.” If any body says:
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