The Dabistán, or School of manners, Volume 3 (of 3): translated from the original Persian, with notes and illustrations
Religion
The Dabistán, or School of manners, Volume 3 (of 3): translated from the original Persian, with notes and illustrations
Iran -- Religion; Religions
The Súfis further say: God is pure, conformable to his essence, above
all purity and comparison, and in the gradations of names and
attributes praised in both ways. Whoever dispenses with the comparison
of something which has no equal, does not know that, declaring God to
be without an equal, is comparing him with pure beings. The friends of
God say that his name is of three kinds, viz.: he is _itlák_,
“absolute,” by his essence, or considered as an unsubstantial
(abstract) thing;[180] and they give him the name of _zát_, “essence,”
like that of _kadus_, “pure, holy;” that is, considered as a
substance, he is the Being the meaning of which is not dependent upon
the meaning of another; they call him _sifet_, “excelling in
attributes,” and _háí_, “living;” that is, considered as a substance,
he is a Being whose meaning is dependent upon that of another. They
name him _fâl_, “action,” like _khálik_, “Creator,” which is the
general name of God, as well as _rahmen_, “mercy;” but the great name
is at last _khafá_, “the concealed (mysterious).” A person asked the
lord Shaikh _Bayezíd Bastámí_:[181] “Which is the great name of God?”
The Shaikh answered: “Communicate thou to me his least name, that I
may give thee in return his greatest:” that is to say, the names of
God are all great.
The sagacious say: Every era is the epoch of the fame and dominion of
a name, and when this epoch expires, it becomes concealed under the
name which it had at the epoch of its flourishing state.[182]
They say, the names of the Deity contain the distinct forms in the
divine science, and these are called _aâyan sábitah_, “fixed
substances,”[183] whether general or partial, and these intellectual
forms received existence in eternity without beginning,[183] by
_fayz_,[184] “emanation,” from the essence of God endowed with most
holy emanation. Further, the intellectual forms rise into evidence
with all dependencies and necessary consequences of the most holy
emanation. The fixed substances have a relation to the names of
bodies, and to the external substances[185] of spirits, and between
all beings there arises an interposition dependent on the degree of
excellence which it has with respect to God. All the reality of
accidental beings lies in the external existence; the reality of
individuals is dependent upon fixed times, and every one emerges into
existence at his time.[186]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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