VIII. DANCING IN THE MIDDLE AGES 78 The mediæval eclipse; ecclesiastical dancing in Spain; the strolling ballets of Spain and Italy; suppression of dancing by the church; dances of the mediæval nobility; Renaissance court ballets; the English masques; famous masques of the seventeenth century. IX. THE GRAND BALLET OF FRANCE 86 Louis XIV and the ballet; the Pavane and the Courante; reforms under Louis XV; Noverre and the _ballet d’action_; Auguste Vestris and others; famous ballets of the period--the Revolution and the Consulate; the French technique, the foundation of ‘choreographic grammar’; the ‘five positions’; the ballet steps--Famous _danseuses_; Sallé, Camargo; Madeleine Guimard; Allard. X. THE FOLK-DANCES OF EUROPE 104 The rise of nationalism--The Spanish folk-dances: the Fandango; the Jota; the Bolero; the Seguidilla; other Spanish folk-dances; general characteristics; costumes--England: the Morris dance; the Country dance; the Sword dance; the Horn dance--Scotland: Scotch Reel, Hornpipe, etc.--Ireland: the Jig; British social dances--France: Rondo, Bourrée and Farandole--Italy: the Tarantella, etc.--Hungary: the Czardas, Szolo and related dances; the Esthonians--Germany: the _Fackeltanz_, etc.--Finland; Scandinavia and Holland--The Lithuanians, Poles and Southern Slavs; the Roumanians and Armenians--The Russians: ballad dances; the Kasatchy and Kamarienskaya; conclusion. XI. THE CELEBRATED SOCIAL DANCES OF THE PAST 144 The _Pavane_ and the _Courante_; the _Allemande_ and the _Sarabande_; the _Minuet_ and the _Gavotte_; the _Rigaudon_ and other dances--The Waltz. XII. THE CLASSIC BALLET OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 151 Aims and tendencies of the nineteenth century--Maria Taglioni--Fanny Elssler--Carlotta Grisi and Fanny Cerito; decadence of the classic ballet. XIII. THE BALLET IN SCANDINAVIA 161 The Danish ballet and Boumoville’s reform; Lucile Grahn, Augusta Nielsen, etc.--Mrs. Elna Jörgen-Jensen; Adeline Genée; the mission of the Danish ballet. XIV. THE RUSSIAN BALLET 170 Nationalism of the Russian ballet; pedagogic principles of the Russian school; French and Russian schools compared-- Begutcheff and Ostrowsky; history of the Russian ballet--Didelot and the Imperial ballet school; Petipa and his reforms--Tschaikowsky’s ‘Snow-Maiden’ and other ballets; Pavlowa and other famous _ballerinas_; Mordkin; Volinin, Kyasht, Lopokova. XV. THE ERA OF DEGENERATION 189 Nineteenth-century decadence; sensationalism--Loie Fuller and the Serpentine Dance--Louise Weber, Lottie Collins and others. XVI. THE NATURALISTIC SCHOOL OF DANCING 195