The Dance Festivals of the Alaskan EskimoHawkes, Ernest William
Religion
The Dance Festivals of the Alaskan Eskimo
Hawkes, Ernest William
Eskimos -- Alaska; Indian dance -- North America
The masks are painted along conventional lines; the favorite colors
for the inua masks are red (Karekteoak),[11] black (Auktoak), green
(Cungokyoak), white (Katektoak), and blue (Taukrektoak), in the order
named. These colors[12] may hold a sacred or symbolic significance.
The inua masks are decorated with some regard to the natural colors of
the human face, but in the masks of the tunghat the imagination of the
artist runs riot. The same is true of the comic masks, which are
rendered as grotesque and horrible as possible. A mask with distorted
features, a pale green complexion, surrounded by a bristling mass of
hair, amuses them greatly. The Eskimo also caricature their neighbors,
the Dene, in this same manner, representing them by masks with very
large noses and sullen features.
[11] These are the northern names. In the southern or Yukon dialect
black is Tunguli; white Katughuli; red, Kauiguli; green, Tcununguli.
The endings and pronunciation of similar Eskimo words are somewhat
different in Arctic Alaska and on the Yukon River; sufficiently so as
to produce two distinct dialects. For this reason I have given the
forms from both sections.
[12] Red is obtained from red ochre; white from white clay; black from
soot or ashes; green from oxide of copper.
THE DANCE FESTIVALS
The Dance Festivals of the Alaskan Eskimo are held during that cold,
stormy period of the winter when the work of the year is over and
hunting is temporarily at an end. At this season the people gather in
the kasgi to celebrate the local rites, and at certain intervals
invite neighboring tribes to join in the great inter-tribal festivals.
This season of mirth and song is termed "Tcauyavik" the drum dance
season, from "Tcauyak" meaning drum. It lasts from November to March,
and is a continuous succession of feasts and dances, which makes glad
the heart of the Eskimo and serves to lighten the natural depression
caused by day after day of interminable wind and darkness. A brisk
exchange of presents at the local festivals promotes good feeling, and
an interchange of commodities between the tribes at the great feasts
stimulates trade and results in each being supplied with the
necessities of life. For instance, northern tribes visiting the south
bring presents of reindeer skins or mukluk to eke out the scanty
supply of the south, while the latter in return give their visitors
loads of dried salmon which the northerners feed to their dogs.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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