“As if,” germs of doctrine of, in Kant, 87; world of, and Plato’s “Ideas,” 88; source of the phrase, 88, 89; seen in play, 89; the doctrine of, not immune from criticism, 102; fortifying influence of the doctrine, 102, 103. _See_ Fiction, Vaihinger. Asceticism, has nothing to do with normal religion, 222, 223; among the Greeks, traced, 249 _n._; and Christianity, 249 _n._ Asclepios, the cult of, 197 _n._ Atavism, in handwriting, 157, 158; in style, 158-61, 190. Athenæus, 55, 353 _n._; his book about the Greeks, 76 _n._ Atom, a fiction or an hypothesis, 97, 338; the structure of, 97 _n._ Attraction, force of, a fiction, 98. Aurelius, Marcus, regarded art of life as like the dancer’s art, 66; his statement of the mystical core of religion, 207; adopted æsthetic criterion of moral action, 279. Australians, religious dances among, 40. Auto-erotic activities, 110, 111. Axioms, akin to fiction, 94, 95. Babies, 105. Bach, Sebastian, 62, 311. Bacon, Francis, his definition of the artist, Man added to Nature, 153; his style compared with that of Shakespeare, 160; the music of his style, 163; heavy and formal letters of, 184; his axiom, the right question is half the knowledge, 325. Bacon, Roger, on the sciences, 68. Balguy, Rev. John, 274. Ballad, a dance as well as song, 62. Ballet, the, chief form of Romantic dancing, 53; the germ of, to be found in ancient Rome, 56; origin of the modern, 56; the Italian and the French, 56-58; decline of, 58; the Russian, 58-60; the Swedish, 60. Bantu, the question of the, 38, 45. Baptism, 242. “Barbarians,” the classic use of the term, 285. Barebones, Praise-God, 272. Baretti, G. M., 50. Bastien-Lepage, Jules, 311. Baudelaire, Charles, on vulgar locutions, 151. Baumgarten, A. G., the commonly accepted founder of æsthetics, 326. Bayaderes, 52. Bayle, G. L., 261. “Beautiful,” the, among Greeks and Romans, 247, 252. Beauty, developed by dancing, 47; as an element of literary style, 176-78; and the good, among the Greeks, 247; Plotinus’s doctrine of, 250, 251; of virtue, 270 _n._; æsthetic contemplation creates, 315, 327, 328; and prettiness, 315 _n._; revelation of, sometimes comes as by a process of “conversion,” 328, 329. Bee, the, an artist, 312. Beethoven, 311; his Seventh Symphony, 62, 63. Beggary in China, 31. Benn, A. W., his _The Greek Philosophers_, 6, 252, 277 _n._ Bentham, Jeremy, adopted a fiction for his system, 99. Berenson, Bernhard, critic of art, 114; his attitude toward Leonardo da Vinci, 114, 117. Bergson, Henri Louis, pyrotechnical allusions frequent in, 23; regards philosophy as an art, 83, 84; on clarity in style, 176, 177; his idea of intuition, 232 _n._; on reality, 320. Berkeley, George, 95. Bernard, Claude, personality in his _Leçons de Physiologie Expérimentales_, 144.