Reply of the missionary in East London--The Evil of Alms-giving--Experience of the English--Everything given but Education--Charity Expenses of London--Good Fortune of this Country--Degrading Influence of Alms--Able-bodied Paupers in New York--Transmitted Pauperism--Terrible Instance in an Alms-house in Western New York--Outdoor Relief very Dangerous--Ought to be Limited in this City--Private Alms Better--Abuse of Private Benefactions--Great Number of Deserving Poor in the City--Policy of the Children's Aid Society--They Desire to Prevent the Demand for Alms--Our Lodging-houses Cultivate Independence--Boys Obliged to Pay--The "Howland Fund"--Distribution of Gifts on Christmas--Objection to the "Bootblack Brigade"--Our Industrial Schools Reformatories of Pauperism--Garments given as Rewards for Good Conduct--Begging Discouraged--Parents Induced to Save--Principle of this Society to give Education rather than Alms........................................................pp. 388-397 CHAPTER XXXIII. HOW SHALL CRIMINAL CHILDREN BE TREATED? The Child, above all, an Individual--Unsuited to be put in a large Institution--Influence of a Number of Criminal Children on One Another--Absence of the Most Powerful Forces of the Outside World--The Work of a Reformatory not suited for After-life--Working the Ground the Best--Garden-work very Useful for Criminal Young Girls--Mr. Pease's Success--The True Plan--The "Family System"--Each Child does the Small Work of the Cottage--Children near the Natural Condition--Only Defect the Unprofitableness of the Labor--The Most Successful Reformatories of Europe on the Family System.................................pp. 398-403 CHAPTER XXXIV. WHAT SHALL BE DONE WITH FOUNDLINGS? The Need of Shelter for Illegitimate Children--Their Numbers in European Cities--Estimated Number in New York--Number of Still-births--Relation of Illegitimacy to Crime--Statistics in France--Foundling Asylums--Terrible Mortality of London Foundling Hospital, also of St Petersburg and Paris Hospitals--Former Great Mortality of Infant-Hospital in New York--Recent Improvement--Mortality of the Massachusetts Alms-house, and in Dorchester Infant-Asylum--Great Difficulty in Raising a Child without a Nurse or its Mother--Best Course is, "PLACING-OUT SYSTEM"--Great Success of "Bureau of Ste. Apolline"--Mortality Greatly Reduced--Children Scattered over France--The Outlay by the Government--The Moral Effects--This Bureau to be Distinguished from Private Bureaus--The Boarding out in Hamburg, in Berlin, in Dublin--The FAMILY PLAN--Tendency of all Civilized Countries towards this Plan--All the Illegitimate Children in this City might be Placed out in Country Homes--Duties of the Legislature in regard to Illegitimacy--Objections to the French Turning-tables--Too Great Laxness Injurious--The New York Law too Severe......................pp. 404-417