Generous Proposal of a Benevolent Lady--Her Labors among the Poor--Miss Andrew's Teaching--Pestalozzi's System--Old Systems too Mechanical and too much Memorizing--Effects in Loose Habits of Thinking--Inaccurate Observation--Children Found Incompetent for Practical Life--Object System begins with the Senses--First Learning of Colors and of Numbers--Sounds Taught before Names of Letters--Dr. Leigh's System--Mr. Caulkins's Views--Words to be Learned First, Letters Afterward--Spelling to be Learned After Reading--Quotation from Mr. Caulkins's Work--New Method of learning Geography--Geography Becomes a Natural Science--Natural History Taught by Objects--Lessons in Morality and Religion given in a Similar Manner--Weights, Measures, and Geometry thus Taught--Definition Learned through Objects--Spelling and Grammar in like Manner--Great Effort on part of the Teacher.................pp. 181-193 CHAPTER XVII. THE LITTLE ITALIAN ORGAN-GRINDERS. Italian Quarter in Five Points--Cruelty of the Padroni--Rev. Dr. Hawks--Signor Cerqua--Description of the Five Points' Italian Settlement--Characteristics of Poor Italians--Foundation of Italian School in 1855--Opposition of Bigoted Italians--Anathemas of the Priest--Increase of the School--Mental Improvement--Moral Progress--Gratitude of Poor Italians--Visits among the Rookeries of the Five Points--Dens in Baxter Street--Feeling of Italian Children towards their Teacher--Assistants by American-Italians--Co-operation of the Italian Government--Generosity of Italian Children to other Charities...................................................pp. 194-211 CHAPTER XVII. THE "LAMBS" or COTTAGE PLACE. Mr. Macy's Efforts--A Free Reading-room--Earnest Nature of the Work--Self-sacrifice of Lady Volunteers--Miss Macy's Treatment of Colored Children during the Riots--Good Effects of the School in Preventing Thieving and Begging--Cottage-place School--The Little Beggars of the First Ward--Application to Trinity Church--Mr. Lord's Valuable Assistance--Interesting Incident--Reform of a Street-sweeper in the "Lord School"--A Ragged School on St John's Park--Fourteenth-ward Industrial School--The Colored Poor--Other Industrial Schools--The Shanty People near the Park--Interesting Night-school--Efforts to prevent a New "Nineteenth street Gang"--No Children Admitted who can attend Public Schools--Improvement In the Teaching--Superintendent of Schools and Visitors........................................pp. 212-222 CHAPTER XIX. THE BEST REMEDY FOR JUVENILE PAUPERISM.