World War, 1914-1918 -- Campaigns -- Turkey -- Gallipoli Peninsula
The Divisional Generals reported to the Corps Commander that they were
unable to move owing to the exhaustion of their men.[186] Undoubtedly
the men were exhausted. The sea journey, the sleepless nights, the
great heat, the excitement of their first battle, the toilsome marching
upon loose sand, and the rations of hard biscuit and salt “bully” had
exhausted them. The 11th Division from Imbros was also infected with
the prevailing diarrhœa, and in a few cases with dysentery. But the
worst exhaustion came from thirst. In spite of all those elaborate
precautions, the water supply broke down. Plenty of water was there.
The water-lighters had arrived on the 7th. One was at A West; one went
aground at “Old A,” and men swam out to her; but Commodore Keyes towed
her near enough ashore for the hose to reach the men that afternoon.
A third was on C Beach, and probably the fourth, for the _Krene_ had
tugged in two, and was there herself, her stem on the shore. What was
wanting was not water, but the troughs and receptacles for issuing and
distribution. Men came with nothing but water-bottles, sometimes a
dozen or more, slung round their necks, and went naked with them into
the sea in hopes of drawing from the tanks. When a hose was attached,
they pierced holes in the cover, and drank, then leaving the water
to run waste. By Sunday morning a poor and leaking trough was stuck
up at one point, but it would not hold water, and the men and mules
crowding round it impeded distribution. The _Prah_ (containing all the
requisites for supply--troughs, hose, and implements for well-sinking),
owing to some over-scrupulous observance of regulations, did not issue
them till some days later. The anguish of thirst was intolerable.
Up in the firing lines some went almost mad.[187] The suffering of
the men exposed to the glaring sun upon the rocks of Kiretch Tepe was
most severe during Sunday, though it was afterwards (perhaps that
night) relieved by the kindly generosity of a destroyer (some say the
_Grampus_, but evidence is for the _Foxhound_), which was deputed
always to patrol that Gulf of Xeros coast, and on this occasion cut her
own water-tank loose and brought it ashore. Even on the beach, where
fresh water was running to waste, men filled water-bottles from the
sea. So serious were the reports from the front that General Stopford
ordered the disembarkation of the artillery horses to be delayed till
the mules for carrying up water had been landed.[188] Thus one thing
acted upon another, for it was want of artillery which finally induced
the Corps Commander to believe that immediate advance was impossible.
Brigades and even battalions were also much confused and scattered,
as we have seen. But the ultimate cause of the confusion, and of the
failure in water supply, and so of the lack of guns, was the decision
to land part of the force inside the bay, and at a beach where any
observer might have suspected shallows fit only for wading.[189]
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