World War, 1914-1918 -- Campaigns -- Turkey -- Gallipoli Peninsula
But, by the majority of the Council, the claim for assistance was not
postponed to a later stage. On February 15 Sir Henry Jackson sent a
long memorandum of “suggestions” to Admiral Carden in regard to the
approaching naval attack. Not only did this memorandum speak of strong
military landing-parties with strong covering forces as necessary, but
it added that “full advantage of the undertaking would only be obtained
by the occupation of the Peninsula by a military force acting in
conjunction with the naval operations.” The very next day (February 16)
the War Council decided to send the 29th Division (hitherto destined
for France) at the earliest possible date to Lemnos; to arrange for a
force from Egypt, if required; and to order the Admiralty to prepare
transport for the conveyance and landing of 50,000 men.[56] The navy
and army were thus at last committed to an amphibious enterprise; but
nineteen days had been lost. What was worse: the 29th Division was to
have started on February 22, but on the 20th Lord Kitchener, on his own
initiative, without consulting the First Lord or the Admirals, told
the Director of Naval Transport to stop the preparation of transport,
as the Division was not to go. In spite of Mr. Churchill’s vehement
protests (for even his confidence in a purely naval attack was now
shaking), Lord Kitchener stood by his decision till March 10, and the
Division did not begin to start till March 16. Twenty-two more days
lost! Add the nineteen of the Council’s hesitation, and forty-one days
were lost in all. Forty-one days in an enterprise which depended upon
speed and secrecy!
Undoubtedly Lord Kitchener had sufficient reason for delay. The Russian
armies were hard pressed on their right or northern flank, and in
the centre Hindenburg was pushing his third attempt upon Warsaw. If
the Germans were successful at either point, it was probable that
they would transfer large forces to their Western front, with which
the French were then heavily engaged in Champagne and between the
Moselle and Meuse, while the British were preparing and executing the
assault at Neuve Chapelle (March 10 to 14).[57] There may have been
other reasons, but those were enough to justify caution in allowing
a splendid Regular Division like the 29th to be diverted from the
critical strategic lines in France. Its retention, without due notice
to the War Council, was sudden and arbitrary. That was Lord Kitchener’s
way, and no more could be said. Perhaps the Division should not
have been offered, and the Secretary for War, who also held supreme
military command, could not be blamed for retaining it under his hand.
Nevertheless, its retention stands high among the causes of ultimate
disaster.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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