World War, 1914-1918 -- Campaigns -- Turkey -- Gallipoli Peninsula
Accordingly, the third squadron, consisting of six British ships
(_Irresistible_, _Vengeance_, _Ocean_, _Swiftsure_, _Majestic_, and
_Albion_), were brought up, with the design of advancing first through
the Narrows, so as to ensure a clear passage for the greater ships
which made the first attack. At the same time the four French ships,
together with the _Triumph_ and _Prince George_, were ordered to
withdraw, so as to leave more room for the rest. During this manœuvre,
all or nearly all the guns in the forts opened fire again, their
silence having been due, not to destruction, but to the absence of
the gunners, driven away by the gases or terror of our shells. Most
of the ships suffered, and as the _Bouvet_ moved down channel with
her companion ships, she was struck by three big shells in quick
succession. The blows were immediately followed by a vast explosion. It
is disputed whether this was due to a shell bursting in her magazine,
or to a torpedo fired from the Asiatic coast, or, as the Admiralty
report said, to a mine drifting down the current. In two or three
minutes she sank in deep water just north of Erenkeui, carrying nearly
the whole of her crew to the bottom. The cries of the men dragged down
with her, or struggling in the water as they were swept downstream,
sounded over the strait.
At 2.30 the bombardment of all the forts was renewed, but they were
not silenced. At 4 o’clock the _Irresistible_ drew away with a heavy
list. Apparently she also was struck by a mine adrift; but she remained
afloat for nearly two hours, and nearly all her crew were saved by
destroyers, which swarmed round her at great risk to themselves,
since they offered a crowded target. A quarter of an hour after she
sank, the _Ocean_ was struck in a similar manner (6.5 p.m.) and sank
with great rapidity. Most of her crew, however, were also saved by
destroyers near at hand. Many of the other ships were struck by shell.
The _Inflexible_ and _Gaulois_ suffered especially, and only just
crawled back to be beached, the one at Tenedos, the other at Rabbit
Island. At sunset the fleet was withdrawn. It had been proved once more
that, in an attack upon land forts, ships lie at a great disadvantage.
In this case the disadvantage was much increased by the narrowness of
the waters, which brought the ships within range of howitzer and other
batteries hidden upon both shores, and also gave special opportunity
for the use of mines drifting on the rapid current, or anchored right
across the channel in successive rows. The mines of the second row
were opposite the intervals in the first, and so on, until the passage
was covered as with a net, each row containing twenty-six mines.
Whether shore-torpedoes were also used is still uncertain. But, without
them, the fleet suffered under sufficient disadvantages to explain
the failure. The first serious attempt to force the Straits was the
last.[73]
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