World War, 1914-1918 -- Campaigns -- Turkey -- Gallipoli Peninsula
Another proposal, which found favour with some, was a landing at Enos,
on the mouth of the Thracian river Maritza (the ancient Hebrus). Except
that the actual landing upon the level coast might have been easier,
the same objections held, but in exaggerated form. The distance from
the Narrows was more than twice as long. An army on the march round
the head of the Gulf of Xeros would have had its left flank exposed
the whole way to the large Turkish reserves known to be stationed at
Rodosto and Adrianople. The two main roads from those important towns
meet at Keshan, about fifteen miles from the Xeros coast, and from that
base fairly good roads extend to Enos on the one side, and to Kavak,
at the head of the Bulair neck, on the other. The Turkish armies could
thus concentrate as at the handle of a fan, ready to strike at any
point along the edge where the British were moving within reach of the
coast. Nor could the navy have afforded much protection to our troops
upon the march, the head-waters of the gulf being shallow far out from
shore. Had Sir Ian attempted, as others have suggested, to turn inland
and fight his way towards Constantinople, disregarding his appointed
task at the Straits, he would, of course, have lost the assistance of
the navy altogether, except as defence to his precarious base and lines
of communication along the bit of coast; and, apart from the navy, he
had no transport available for a long march.
Between Bulair and the sharp northern point of Suvla Bay, steep
cliffs and the absence of beach, except in tiny inlets, prevent the
possibility of landing. But inland from Suvla Bay itself there is
open ground, and a practicable beach extends south as far as the
cliff promontory of Gaba Tepe, although the main mass of the Sari
Bair mountain rises close behind the southern part of the beach in
a series of broken precipices and ravines. From Suvla Point to Gaba
Tepe it would certainly have been possible to put the whole united
force ashore, and, to judge from subsequent events, this might have
been the wisest course. On the other hand, Suvla is far removed from
the Narrows; a straight line thence to Maidos measures nearly fifteen
miles; it passes over the top of Sari Bair, a formidable barrier;
while, upon the long and devious route alone possible for a movement of
troops, the army would have had both flanks exposed, on the right to
the strong Turkish position of Kilid Bahr plateau, and on the left to
large forces available to the enemy from Rodosto and Gallipoli. It is
probable that Sir Ian’s troops were not then numerous enough to hold
so long a line of communications and at the same time resist flank
attacks, especially the strong attack to be anticipated from the left.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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