World War, 1914-1918 -- Campaigns -- Turkey -- Gallipoli Peninsula
A landing at Gaba Tepe itself, where north and south the ground is
open, and a fairly level gap between the Sari Bair range and the Kilid
Bahr plateau allows the long and wandering road from Krithia to cross
the Peninsula to Maidos, would have exposed the army to similar flank
attacks; but the distance is short (not much over five miles), and in
all probability a landing in full force might have been attempted here
had not the fortification and armament on the promontory itself, and on
the gradually sloping land upon both sides of it, appeared too powerful
for assault. The barbed-wire entanglements extended into the sea, and
the country formed the most dangerous of all approaches--a glacis with
no dead ground and little cover. South of this position the cliffs rise
abruptly again, and along all the coast round Cape Helles to Morto Bay
(which was commanded by guns from the Asiatic side) a survey showed no
beach or opening, except at a few small gaps and gullies, so soon to be
celebrated.
[Illustration: HELLES AND THE STRAITS]
[Sidenote: THE SELECTED LANDING-PLACES]
As he rejected the coast between Suvla and Gaba Tepe, Sir Ian was
compelled to disregard Napoleon’s maxim of war and divide his forces.
His object was to shake the enemy’s _moral_, and puzzle the command
by several simultaneous attacks, threatening front and rear, and
keeping the Turkish Staff in flustered uncertainty where the main
defence should be concentrated. Accordingly, a few of those small but
practicable landing-places round the extremity of the Peninsula were
selected. Here the assault upon the Turkish defences was to be made
chiefly by units of the 29th Division. The chosen points were S Beach,
or De Tott’s Battery, on the farther side of Morto Bay, where only a
small force was to attempt holding on so as to protect our right flank;
V Beach, just below the large village and ancient castle of Seddel
Bahr, where a main attack was to be made and the ground permanently
occupied; W Beach, where a similar force was to land, and link up with
V Beach, having the same object in view; X Beach (round the point of
Cape Tekke, looking out towards the Gulf of Xeros), where a force was
to work up the face of a cliff and attempt to join hands with W Beach;
and Y Beach, about three and a half miles north along the cliffs, where
a small body was to scramble up a precipitous ravine and make a feint
upon Krithia. Both flanks of the main attack were further protected by
the sea and the naval guns.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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