But long ere Vigilius had yielded Justinian was once more at war with
Persia. When the five years’ truce ran out at the end of 549, the
imperial troops advanced to recover the suzerainty of Colchis, the one
point that had been yielded to Chosroes in the treaty of 545. But
strangely enough, while the war was renewed on the Black Sea, it did not
recommence on the Mesopotamian frontier. [Sidenote: Third Persian War,
549-55.] Both parties concurred to renew the truce for everything except
Colchis, and on that limited arena alone the hostilities proceeded. The
struggle recalls, in this curious feature, the way in which the French
and English fought in India in the eighteenth century, while in Europe
they were at peace. The conditions of the war were favourable to
Justinian, whose armies had free access by sea to the Colchian coast,
while the Persians had to reach it by the wild passes over the Armenian
and Iberian mountains. The dreary but very bloody Colchic or Lazic war
went on for six years, draining alike the Persian and the imperial
treasuries; but at last the Romans had the better in the struggle,
secured the homage of the Lazic king, and drove the Persians far back
into the interior (555). Finally, after interminable negotiations
Chosroes made peace, surrendering his claim on Colchis in consideration
of an indemnity of 30,000 solidi (£18,000) per annum.
This was the last of Justinian’s great wars; but the end of his reign
was far from being peaceful or prosperous. It was especially noteworthy
for the repeated inroads of the Huns and Slavs into the Balkan
peninsula. The greatest raid was in 558, when the Cotrigur Huns under
their khan Zabergan eluded the garrisons on the Danube, crossed the
Balkans, and rode at large over the whole of Thrace. [Sidenote:
Belisarius defeats the Huns.] One body of 4000 horse pushed their
incursions up to the very gates of Constantinople, and so alarmed
Justinian that he bade the aged Belisarius to buckle on his arms once
more, and save the capital. The military resources of the empire were so
scattered that Belisarius could only count on 300 of his own veterans,
on the ‘Scholarian Guards’[13] and a levy of half-armed Thracian
rustics. By skilfully posting this small force, and inducing the Huns to
attack his line exactly where it was strongest, he routed the
barbarians, and returned in triumph from this his last campaign.
Footnote 13:
A body of local troops raised in the city, who formed part of the
imperial guard.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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