Apis (two forms of) 330 Mnevis 331 The Two Great Pyramids at the Time of the Inundation 332 The Step-Pyramid of Sakkarah 334 The Pyramid of Mêdûm 335 The "Blunted Pyramid" of Dashûr 336 Ship of Hāt-Shepset Laden with Produce from Pun-t 346 Huts Built on Piles in Pun-t 347 Cynocephalus Ape with Moon Emblem 349 Plan of the Pyramids at Nuri 355 Plan of the Temples and Pyramids at Gebel Barkal 358 Statue of Chephren, Found in Temple near the Sphinx 368 The Temples at Philæ 382 The Temple at Amada 383 Chnemu 385 The Winged Solar Disk 391 A Greek Temple Restored--the Temple of Poseidon at Pæstum 413 The Temple of Theseus at Athens: the Acropolis, with the Parthenon, in the Background 414 The East Front of the Parthenon, Facing the Rising of the Pleiades 415 The Temple of Jupiter Olympius Below the Acropolis at Athens. Oriented to α Arietis 420 ERRATA. Page 34, inscription to illustration: for _Iris_ read _Isis_. Page 83, inscription to illustration: for _Sā-el-lager_ read _Sa-el-Hagar_. Page 327, line 8 from top: for _Dies_ read _This_. THE DAWN OF ASTRONOMY. CHAPTER I. THE WORSHIP OF THE SUN AND THE DAWN. When we inquire among which early peoples we are likely to find the first cultivation of astronomy, whatever the form it may have taken, we learn that it is generally agreed by archæologists that the first civilisations which have so far been traced were those in the Nile Valley and in the adjacent countries in Western Asia. The information which we possess concerning these countries has been obtained from the remains of their cities, of their temples--even, in the case of Babylonia, of their observatories and of the records of their observations. Of history on papyrus we have relatively little.