The dawn of astronomy: A study of the temple-worship and mythology of the ancient EgyptiansLockyer, Norman, Sir
Religion
The dawn of astronomy: A study of the temple-worship and mythology of the ancient Egyptians
Lockyer, Norman, Sir
Astronomy, Egyptian; Sun -- Mythology; Sun worship; Temples -- Egypt
"But the true original of the calendar of Medînet-Habû does not even
date from the time of Ramses II. It is known to every Egyptologist how
little the time of the Ramessids produced what was truly original,
how much just this time restricted itself to a reproduction of the
traditions of previous generations. In the calendar of Medînet-Habû
we have (p. 48) not a fixed year instituted under Ramses II., but
the normal year of the old time, the vague year, as it was, to use
Dschewhari's words quoted above (p. 852) in the first year of its
institution, the year as it was before the Egyptians had made two
unwelcome observations: First, that the year of 365 days did not
correspond to the reality, but shifted by one day in four years with
regard to the seasons; secondly--which, of course, took a much longer
time--that the rising of Sirius ceased to coincide with the beginning
of the Nile flood.
"We are led to the same conclusion by a consideration of the
festivals given in the calendar of Medînet-Habû. They are almost
without exception the festivals which we have found in our previous
investigation of the calendars of Esne and Edfû to be attached to the
same days. We know already the Uaya festival of the 17th and 18th
Thoth, the festival of Hermes of the 19th Thoth, the great feast of
Amen beginning on the 19th Paophi, the Osiris festivals of the last
decade of Choiak, and that of the coronation of Horuz on the 1st Tybi.
"Festivals somehow differing from the ancient traditions and general
usage are unknown in the calendar of Medînet-Habû, and it is just such
festivals which have enabled us to trace fixed years in the calendars
of Edfû and Esne.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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