The dawn of astronomy: A study of the temple-worship and mythology of the ancient EgyptiansLockyer, Norman, Sir
Religion
The dawn of astronomy: A study of the temple-worship and mythology of the ancient Egyptians
Lockyer, Norman, Sir
Astronomy, Egyptian; Sun -- Mythology; Sun worship; Temples -- Egypt
"Les couleurs marquées sur le plan servent à indiquer, au moyen
de la légende explicative placée en marge, les époques diverses
de la construction des temples et de leurs parties. Quelques mots
d'explication sont ici nécessaires. Un mur porte les cartouches de
Menephtah; mais il peut avoir été construit deux-cent-cinquante ans
plus tôt par Thoutmès III. Les époques de la décoration ne sont
ainsi pas toujours les époques de la construction. Pour avoir les
époques de la décoration, il ne s'agit que de regarder les murs et
les inscriptions dont ils sont couverts. Pour avoir les époques de la
construction, tout un travail de confrontation, de comparaison, est
nécessaire. Il faut s'assurer si les mêmes mains qui ont construit
le mur l'ont décoré; dans le cas contraire, il faut faire intervenir
l'archéologie dans toutes les branches de cette science qui touchent à
l'observation des lieux, au mode de construction, à l'agencement des
pierres, au choix et à l'appareillage des matériaux."
Taking the temple in its generality, he finds that, so far as his
inquiries had carried him, parts were certainly built at a time an
ancient as the twelfth dynasty--say 2400 or 3000 B.C., according to the
authority in these matters that we may prefer.
Then again we have dates given and indications of kings through the
eighteenth and nineteenth dynasties, and then again on to the times of
the Ptolemies.
In such an inquiry we must have archæological dates on which we can
rely. In the date assigned to the time of Mena by various Egyptologists
we find a difference of nearly--in fact, rather more than--a thousand
years in our authorities. In the twelfth dynasty we find a difference
of five hundred years; but in the later dynasties, such as the
eighteenth, the difference is reduced in some cases to ten years or
so. So that in the later dynasties we know pretty well what time is in
question. We are therefore on firm ground.
The first point to which I wish to call attention is that according to
Mariette the building dates change along the open axis of the temple.
From photographs I took when in Egypt I found reason to believe that
the direction of the axis has been slightly changed at the west end.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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