THE DAWN OF MODERN MEDICINE FROM THE EARLY PART OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TO ABOUT 1860 ------- CONTINUATION OF THE ACCOUNT GIVEN IN THE WORK ENTITLED “THE GROWTH OF MEDICINE” ------------------------------------------------------------------------ PUBLISHED ON THE FOUNDATION ESTABLISHED IN MEMORY OF WILLIAM CHAUNCEY WILLIAMS OF THE CLASS OF 1822, YALE MEDICAL SCHOOL AND OF WILLIAM COOK WILLIAMS OF THE CLASS OF 1850, YALE MEDICAL SCHOOL ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [Illustration: PORTRAIT OF ANTOINE LAURENT LAVOISIER The French chemist and biologist who contributed more than anyone else to our knowledge of the chemistry and physiology of oxygen. (Copied from the frontispiece of Volume I of Lavoisier’s “Works,” published by the French Government in 1864.) ] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ THE DAWN OF MODERN MEDICINE AN ACCOUNT OF THE REVIVAL OF THE SCIENCE AND ART OF MEDICINE WHICH TOOK PLACE IN WESTERN EUROPE DURING THE LATTER HALF OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY AND THE FIRST PART OF THE NINETEENTH BY ALBERT H. BUCK, B.A., M.D. FORMERLY CLINICAL PROFESSOR OF DISEASES OF THE EAR, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK: CONSULTING AURAL SURGEON, NEW YORK EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY, ETC. [Illustration] NEW HAVEN: YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS MDCCCCXX ------------------------------------------------------------------------ COPYRIGHT, 1920, BY YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ THE WILLIAMS MEMORIAL PUBLICATION FUND The present volume is the third work published by the Yale University Press on the Williams Memorial Publication Fund. This Foundation was established June 15, 1916, by a gift made to Yale University by Dr. George C. F. Williams, of Hartford, a member of the Class of 1878, Yale School of Medicine, where three generations of his family studied—his father, Dr. William Cook Williams, in the Class of 1850, and his grandfather, Dr. William Chauncey Williams, in the Class of 1822. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ PREFACE