Up to the year 1638 Renaudot had got along very amicably with the Paris Faculty. He had often consulted with them and he had entered the names of his two sons, Isaac and Eusebius, as students at the medical school. Furthermore, there could not have existed any prejudice against him on religious grounds as—upon the advice of Richelieu and Father Joseph (Leclerc du Tremblay, or “His Gray Eminence”)—his two sons had been educated in the Roman Catholic faith. It appears, however, that these favorable considerations were not strong enough to prevent professional jealousy, on the part of the Paris physicians, from setting to work to undermine all Renaudot’s good work. The real truth—viz., that the newcomer’s success was robbing them of some of their paying practice—was not confessed by these men openly, but instead they objected to his having, with the King’s permission (granted in 1640), established furnaces for the manufacture of chemical remedies. They also claimed that he was injuring the profession of medicine through his doctrine that good effects were obtainable from the employment of both opium and antimony as internal remedies, and also through his maintenance of the new doctrine (1616) of the circulation of the blood. Were not these professional sins, they claimed, sufficiently heinous to justify them in summoning him before the magistrates as an impostor? They believed that they were fully justified in so doing; and accordingly they proceeded without further delay to bring suit against Renaudot. It would require much additional space to furnish here even a condensed account of the events which characterized this disgraceful attack by the Paris Faculty—and especially by Guy Patin, who was at that time its Dean—against Renaudot, and I have therefore no hesitation in omitting all but one or two further details of this part of Renaudot’s history. In the first place, Cardinal Richelieu and the King stood firmly by Renaudot to the very end; and, on July 14, 1641, the King’s Council condemned the Faculty on all points of their charge, and in this manner granted complete authorization to Renaudot’s work. He himself, notwithstanding the great victory which he had won over his unscrupulous enemies, all of them physicians of high social position, resumed his efforts to win them over to a friendly attitude—not toward himself individually, but toward the benevolent schemes which he was doing his best to establish on a firm footing. All his efforts, however, toward pacification proved of no avail.