Loudun. This photograph, which was taken from one 4 of the highest points in the village of Loudun, shows its elevated position above the surrounding country and affords a bird’s-eye view of the adjacent river, the Martray. (Courtesy of Monsieur le Pasteur Paul Barnaud, of Sainte Foy la Grande [Gironde], France.) Cardinal Duc de Richelieu. (From a portrait 6 engraved on copper by Nanteuil in 1655.) Statue of Théophraste Renaudot at Loudun, France. 8 (Courtesy of Monsieur le Pasteur Paul Barnaud, of Sainte Foy la Grande [Gironde], France.) Hufeland. (From Eugen Hollaender’s “_Medizin und 28 Plastik_,” by permission.) Albrecht von Haller 34 Vignette from the title-page of Haller’s 36 “_Elementa Physiologiae_,” Lausanne, 1757 Gerard Freyherr Van Swieten 60 Medal commemorating the discovery of vaccination. 108 (From Eugen Hollaender’s “_Medizin und Plastik_,” by permission.) Edward Jenner. (Copied from Thomas J. Pettigrew’s 110 “Medical Portrait Gallery,” London, 1838. The original portrait was painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence, Royal Academy.) Sir Astley Cooper. (Copied from a print in the 136 possession of the New York Academy of Medicine.) William Hunter. (Copied from Thomas J. Pettigrew’s 140 “Medical Portrait Gallery,” Fisher & Son, London, 1838. The original portrait was painted by Pyne; the engraving was done by J. Thomson.) John Hunter. (Copied from Thomas J. Pettigrew’s 144 “Medical Portrait Gallery,” London, 1838. The original portrait was painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds; the engraving was done by G. H. Adcock.) Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, Bart., F.R.S., 148 Sergeant Surgeon to the Queen. (Copied from Thomas J. Pettigrew’s “Medical Portrait Gallery,” London, 1838. The original portrait was painted by H. Room; the engraving was done by J. Brain.) Sir Charles Bell. (Copied from a print in the 154 possession of the New York Academy of Medicine.) Bichat 162 Costume worn by Paris physicians in the eighteenth 172 century. (From Alfred Franklin’s “_La Vie Privée d’Autrefois_,” Paris, 1892.) Gaspard Laurent Bayle 182 A candidate for the degree of “Doctor of Medicine” 184 defending his thesis before the examining committee of the Paris Faculty of Medicine. (From “_La Vie Universitaire_,” Paris, 1918.)