The higher animals--Laughter--In monkeys--In the dog--In the chimpanzee --In the orang-utan--Fear, dismay, consternation, grief, fortitude, joy shown by bees--Affection for the individual evinced by house wren --Anger, hate, fear, revenge, in the higher animals--Forgiving disposition in the monkey--Sympathy--In ants--Care of young by ants --Solicitude of butterflies--Of gadfly--Of the ichneumon fly--Of the mason wasp--Of the spider--Of the earwig--Anger and hate evinced by ants, centipedes, tarantulas, weevils. 88 CHAPTER V ÆSTHETICISM The love of music--In spiders--In quail--In dogs--Origin of love of music in the dog--Dog's knowledge of the echo--Love of music in rats --In mice--Singing mice--Love of music in lizards--In salamanders--In snakes--In pigeons--In the barnyard cock--In the horse--Amusement and pastime--In _Actinophrys_--In the snail--In _Diptera_--In ants--In lady-bugs (_Coccinellæ_)--Æsthetic taste in birds--The snakeskin bird--Humming-bird--Bower bird--The love of personal cleanliness--In birds--In insects--In the locust. 107 CHAPTER VI PARENTAL AFFECTION Origin of parental feeling--Evidence of this psychical trait in spiders --In earwigs--In crayfish--In butterflies--In fish--In toads--In snakes--Instance of pride in parents--In the dog--In the cat--Parental affection in birds--Animals seeking the assistance of man when their offspring is in danger--The evolution of parental affection. 134 CHAPTER VII REASON Definition of reason--Origin of instincts--Instances of intelligent ratiocination--In the bee--The wasp--The ant--Mental degeneration in ants occasioned by the habit of keeping slaves--The honey-making ant filling an artificial trench--Other evidences of reason in the insect --_Termes_--Division of labor--The king and queen--Bravery of soldier ants--Overseer and laborers--Blind impulse and intelligent ideation --Harvester ants--Their habits and intelligence--Their presence in Arkansas believed to be unique--Animals able to count--This faculty present in the mason wasps--Experiments--Certain birds able to count --Also dogs and mules--Cat recognizing the lapse of time--Monkey's ability in computing--Huber's experiment with glass slip and bees --Kirby and Spence's comment--Summary. 147 CHAPTER VIII AUXILIARY SENSES