I should be guilty of an historical omission did I not also notice a somewhat formal investigation made by a committee of Harvard Professors and others, appointed to satisfy the exigencies of a newspaper controversy in Boston in 1857, and which Mrs. Ann Leah Fox Brown and Miss Catherine Fox attended. The results were wholly unsatisfactory and inconclusive from a scientific standpoint, though the moral effect of this outcome was strongly against the spiritualists, who were, of course, bound to prove their positive side of the case, and failed ignominiously to do so. The committee consisted of Professors Agassiz, Pierce and Horsford, Mr. George Lunt, editor of the Boston _Courier_, Dr. A. B. Gould, Mr. Allen Putnam, Dr. H. F. Gardner and Mr. G. W. Rains. The last three were pronounced spiritualists. Professor Agassiz, who in particular had studied mesmerism and so-called clairvoyance most carefully, and who believed to some extent in the former, declared with emphasis that there was an easy physiological explanation of all the effects that the "Fox Sisters," or any other "rappers," produced. The raps caused by the "Fox Sisters" on this occasion were but feeble and uncertain. When other "mediums" were under examination, the close watch kept upon them by the learned investigators seemed greatly to disconcert them and prevented the possibility of any pronounced "manifestations" taking place. The _Courier_ had issued a challenge offering five hundred dollars to any one who would "communicate a single word imparted to the 'spirits,'" by its editor "in an adjoining room," who would "read a single word in English, written inside a book or sheet of paper folded in such a manner as we may suggest; who would answer with the aid of all the higher intelligences he or she can invoke from the other world, _three questions_ * * *;" and it added: "And we will not require Dr. Gardiner or the 'mediums' to risk a single cent on the experiment. If one or all of them can do one of these things, the five hundred dollars shall be paid on the spot. If they fail, they shall pay nothing; not even the expense incident to trying the experiment." The Committee made a report which declared that nothing had been done which entitled any one to receive the sum offered by the _Courier_. Therefore no award was made. A library might be written containing only accounts of private investigations of "spiritual phenomena" by able and scientific observers, all of which conduced to but one verdict, that every pretense of Spiritualism is a fraud. I deem it more appropriate, however, and entirely adequate to my purpose, to restrict my citations from such inquiries to those which had an absolutely undeniable official or authoritative character. CHAPTER XI. THE SUPREME AUDACITY OF FRAUD. The multitude of forms that a certain kind of deception, when once it obtains a foothold in the public mind, will assume, is often wonderful.