The Deipnosophists; or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenæus, Vol. 1 (of 3)Athenaeus, of Naucratis
General
The Deipnosophists; or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenæus, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Athenaeus, of Naucratis
Civilization, Greco-Roman; Dinners and dining -- Greece; Greece -- Social life and customs; Homosexuality -- Greece
You are asking of us for a history of everything, and you do not allow
us to say a single thing without calling us to account for it. The word
στρουθάριον (a little bird) is found in many other authors, and also in
Eubulus. He says, "Take three or four partridges, and three hares, and
as many small birds as you can eat, and goldfinches, and parrots, and
finches, and nightjars, and whatever other birds of this kind you can
come across."
72. Swine's brains, too, was a not uncommon dish. Philosophers used to
forbid our eating these, saying that a person who partook of them might
as well eat a bear, and would not stick at eating his father's head, or
anything else imaginable. And they said, that at all events none of the
ancients had ever eaten them, because they were the seat of nearly all
sensation. But Apollodorus the Athenian says, that none of the ancients
ever even named the brain. And at all events Sophocles, in his
Trachiniæ, where he represents Hercules as throwing Lichas into the sea,
does not use the word ἐγκέφαλον, _brains_, but says λευκὸν μυελὸς, white marrow;
avoiding a word which it was thought ill-omened to use:--
And from his hair he forces the white marrow,
His head being burst asunder in the middle,
And the blood flows:
though he had named all the rest of his limbs plainly enough. And
Euripides, introducing Hecuba lamenting for Astyanax, who had been
thrown down by the Greeks, says--
Unhappy child, how miserably have
Your native city's walls produced your death,
And dash'd your head in pieces! Fatal towers,
Which Phœbus builded! How did your mother oft
Cherish those curly locks, and press upon them
With never-wearied kisses! now the blood
Wells from that wound, where the bones broken gape;
But some things are too horrid to be spoken.
The lines too which follow these are worth stopping to consider. But
Philocles does employ the word ἐγκέφαλον--
He never ceased devouring even the brains (ἐγκέφαλον).
And Aristophanes says--
I would be content
To lose two membranes of the ἐγκέφαλον.
And others, too, use the word. So that it must have been for the sake of
the poetical expression that Sophocles said "white marrow." But
Euripides not choosing openly to display to sight an unseemly and
disgusting object, revealed as much as he chose. And they thought the
head sacred, as is plain by their swearing by it; and by their even
venerating sneezes, which proceed from the head, as holy. And we, to
this day, confirm our arrangements and promises by nodding the head. As
the Jupiter of Homer says--
Come now, and I will nod my head to you.
73. Now all these things were put into the dishes which were served up
as propomata: pepper, green leaves, myrrh, galingal, Egyptian ointment.
Antiphanes says--
If any one buys pepper and brings it home,
They torture him by law like any spy.
And in a subsequent passage he says--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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