The Deipnosophists; or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenæus, Vol. 2 (of 3)Athenaeus, of Naucratis
Philosophy
The Deipnosophists; or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenæus, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Athenaeus, of Naucratis
Civilization, Greco-Roman; Dinners and dining -- Greece; Greece -- Social life and customs; Homosexuality -- Greece
There earth, there heaven, there ocean he design'd,—
Th' unwearied sun, the moon completely round,—
The starry lights, that heaven's high convex crown'd,—
The Pleiades, Hyads, with the Northern Team,
And great Orion's more refulgent beam;
To which, around the axle of the sky,
The Bear, revolving, points his golden eye;
Still shines exalted on th' ethereal plain,
Nor bathes his blazing forehead in the main,—
The Bear, whom trusting rustics call the Wain.
[Sidenote: THE PLEIADES.]
"But people in general have been deceived by fancying the πελειάδες
here spoken of to be birds, first of all from the poetical form of the
word, because of the insertion of the letter ε; and secondly, because
they have taken the word τρήρωνες, 'trembling,' as an epithet only of
doves; since, owing to its weakness, that is a very cautious bird; and
when he calls it τρήρων, this word is derived from τρέω, and τρέω is
the same as εὐλαβέομαι, to be cautious. But still there is a good deal
of reason in attributing the same characteristic also to the Pleiades:
for the fable is, that they are always fleeing from Orion, since their
mother Pleione is constantly pursued by Orion.
80. "And the variation of the name, so that the Pleiades are called
both πέλειαι and πελειάδες, occurs in many poets. First of all, Myro
the Byzantian admirably caught the feeling of the Homeric poems,
saying in her poem entitled Memory, that the Pleiades convey ambrosia
to Jupiter. But Crates the critic, endeavouring to appropriate to
himself the credit due to her, produces that assertion as his own.
Simonides also has called the Pleiades Πελειάδες, in the following
lines:—
And may great Mercury, whose protecting pow'r
Watches o'er contests, Maia's mighty son,
Grant you success. But Atlas was the sire
Of seven dark-hair'd daughters, beautiful,
Surpassing all the maidens upon earth,
And now in heaven they're call'd Peleiades.
Here he distinctly calls the Pleiades Πελειάδες, for they it was who
were the daughters of Atlas; as Pindar says—
And it is natural
That great Orion should advance
Not far from the seven Pleiades, at the tail (ὀρίας).
For, in the arrangement of the stars, Orion is not far from the
Pleiades; from which circumstance has arisen the fable about them, that
they, with their mother Pleione, are always fleeing from Orion. But
when he calls the Pleiades ὄριαι here, he means οὔριαι, only he has
left out the v, because the Pleiades are close to the tail of the Bull.
And Æschylus has spoken still more plainly, playing on their name on
account of the resemblance of its sound, where he says—
The seven celebrated daughters of
The mighty Atlas, much bewail'd with tears
Their father's heaven-supporting toil; where they
Now take the form of night-appearing visions,
The wingless Peleiades.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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