We had the experience that the directors of those prisons I have named under 1. above did not always meet the demands that we believed the government had the right to require of them, because they did not possess the necessary means and knowledge. The training of the lower officials in these local institutions was also often faulty. To be sure, there prevailed in general a condition of cleanliness, order and honesty, but the treatment of the prisoner according to the crime and to the individuality of the inmate was often pretty poor. On the other hand, we came to the conclusion that only those judges could properly and reasonably impose a just sentence who knew and had studied the effect of imprisonment and the administration of a prison sentence upon the prisoner. And so there developed from this idea the requirement that the judge should also be assigned to the office of prison warden. And so, with the introduction of the course on prison administration, we had two aims:-- 1. The understanding of the judge should be strengthened as to the effect of imprisonment upon the prisoner, in order that proper sentences should be imposed, not only from the standpoint of the law, but from that of the individual to be imprisoned. 2. It was important to develop prison wardens who would understand the effects of imprisonment and who could therefore administer their office properly. This required a proper training in all the details of prison administration, and the rules and regulations. We were confident that when the warden became conversant with all these matters, if he then had the necessary knowledge and interest, he would also train up in his turn the lesser officials of the prison. So much for the purposes of the course in prison administration. We carry on the course in the following manner. We issue, around January, not a special, but a general invitation to attend the course. The invitation goes to recently admitted members of the bar, judges, district attorneys, and also to clergymen, physicians and the higher prison officials, who have shown special interest in their work. The invitations are very numerous. But since we can receive at the most only from 24 to 27 persons, in order to do each person justice during the two weeks of the course, only about fifty per cent. of the requests for admission can be considered.