[413] A full and excellent account of the manner in which savages in all parts of the world ornament themselves is given by the Italian traveller, Prof. Mantegazza, ‘Rio de la Plata, Viaggi e Studi,’ 1867, p. 525-545; all the following statements, when other references are not given, are taken from this work. See, also, Waitz, ‘Introduct. to Anthropolog.’ Eng. transl. vol. i. 1863, p. 275, _et passim_. Lawrence also gives very full details in his ‘Lectures on Physiology,’ 1822. Since this chapter was written Sir J. Lubbock has published his ‘Origin of Civilisation,’ 1870, in which there is an interesting chapter on the present subject, and from which (p. 42, 48) I have taken some facts about savages dyeing their teeth and hair, and piercing their teeth. [414] Humboldt, ‘Personal Narrative,’ Eng. translat. vol. iv. p. 515; on the imagination shewn in painting the body, p. 522; on modifying the form of the calf of the leg, p. 466. [415] ‘The Nile Tributaries,’ 1867; ‘The Albert N’yanza,’ 1866, vol. i. p. 218. [416] Quoted by Prichard, ‘Phys. Hist. of Mankind,’ 4th. edit. vol. i. 1851, p. 321. [417] On the Papuans, Wallace, ‘The Malay Archipelago,’ vol. ii. p. 445. On the coiffure of the Africans, Sir S. Baker, ‘The Albert N’yanza,’ vol. i. p. 210. [418] ‘Travels’, p. 533. [419] ‘The Albert N’yanza,’ 1866, vol. i. p. 217. [420] Livingstone, ‘British Association,’ 1860; report given in the ‘Athenæum,’ July 7, 1860, p. 29. [421] Sir S. Baker (ibid. vol. i. p. 210) speaking of the natives of Central Africa says, “every tribe has a distinct and unchanging fashion for dressing the hair.” See Agassiz (‘Journey in Brazil,’ 1868, p. 318) on the invariability of the tattooing of the Amazonian Indians. [422] Rev. R. Taylor, ‘New Zealand and its Inhabitants,’ 1855, p. 152. [423] Mantegazza, ‘Viaggi e Studi,’ p. 542. [424] ‘Travels in S. Africa,’ 1824; vol. i. p. 414. [425] See, for references, ‘Gerland über das Aussterben der Naturvölker,’ 1868, s. 51, 53, 55; also Azara, ‘Voyages,’ &c. tom. ii. p. 116. [426] On the vegetable productions used by the North-Western American Indians, ‘Pharmaceutical Journal,’ vol. x. [427] ‘A Journey from Prince of Wales Fort,’ 8vo. edit. 1796, p. 89. [428] Quoted by Prichard, ‘Phys. Hist. of Mankind,’ 3rd edit. vol. iv. 1844, p. 519; Vogt, ‘Lectures on Man,’ Eng. translat. p. 129. On the opinion of the Chinese on the Cingalese, E. Tennent, ‘Ceylon,’ vol. ii. 1859, p. 107. [429] Prichard, as taken from Crawfurd and Finlayson, ‘Phys. Hist. of Mankind,’ vol. iv. p. 534, 535. [430] “Idem illustrissimus viator dixit mihi præcinctorium vel tabula fæminæ, quod nobis teterrimum est, quondam permagno æstimari ab hominibus in hac gente. Nunc res mutata est, et censet talem conformationem minime optandam est.”