Those circles that are fixed, owe their origin to the two-fold motion of the Earth, and are the _Equator_, and the _Ecliptic_, with their _Secundaries_ and _Parallels._ These fixed circles are usually delineated upon the surface of the Globes. The moveable circles are only the _Horizon_, its _Secundaries_ and _Parallels_: These are represented by the wooden frame, and the brass ring, wherein the Globe is hung, and a thin plate of brass to be screwed in a proper place, upon the said ring, as occasion requires. I. _Of the Equinoctial._ [Sidenote: The _Equator_, or _Equinoctial_.] 1. The _Equator_, or the _Equinoctial_, is that great circle in the Heavens, in whose plane the Earth performs her diurnal motion round her axis; or it is that great circle, parallel to which the whole Heavens seem to turn round the Earth from East to West in 24 Hours. _Note_, The Equator and the Equinoctial are generally synonymous terms; but sometimes the Equator particularly signifies that great circle upon the surface of the Earth, which coincides with the Equinoctial in the Heavens. This circle is also by Mariners commonly called the _Line_. [Sidenote: _Northern_ and _Southern Hemispheres_.] [Sidenote: _The Axis of the World._] [Sidenote: _Poles of the World_, or _of the Equator_.] The equinoctial divides the globe of the Earth, and also the whole Heavens into two equal parts, North and South, which are called the _Northern_ and _Southern Hemispheres_. The axis of this circle, is called the _Axis of the World_, or the _Earth’s Axis_, because the Earth revolves about it (from West to East) in 24 hours. The extreme of this axis are called the _Poles of the World_, whereof that which lies in the Northern Hemisphere, is called the _North Pole_, and the other is called the _South Pole_. The equinoctial circle is always delineated upon the surface of each globe, with its name at length expressed; the axis of this circle, or the Earth’s axis, is only an imaginary line in the Heavens, but on the globes it is expressed by the wires about which they really turn. The Poles of the world, are the two points upon the surface of the globe through which these wires pass; the North Pole is that which hath the little brass circle, with a moveable index placed round it; and the other opposite to it is the South Pole. The Northern Hemisphere is that wherein the North Pole is placed, and the opposite one is the Southern Hemisphere. The astronomers divide all circles into 360 equal parts, called _Degrees_, each degree into 60 equal parts, called _Minutes_, each minute into 60 _Seconds_, &c. But besides this division into degrees, the equinoctial is also divided into 24 equal parts, or _Hours_, each hour into 60 _Minutes_, each minute into 60 _Seconds, &c._ so that one hour is equal to 15 degrees, each minute of time is equal to 15 minutes of a degree, _&c._ [Sidenote: _Hour Circles_ or _Circles of Ascension_, also called _Meridians_.]