The group all have the front teeth modified into cropping or gnawing types, which grow permanently from persistent pulps; and the back teeth also growing through the whole or a large part of life, and also rootless, the crowns being variously infolded to make grinding surfaces. The skull is flattened above, and abruptly truncated behind; the cranium being large and swollen, the facial portion broad above and excavated on the sides. The orbits are centrally located, of considerable size, and unbounded behind. The tympanic bulla is swollen and may be hollow or filled with cancellous tissue. This cavity of the tympanic is continued above and expands in the upper part of the squamosum, making a swollen capsule on either side of the back of the cranium. The openings of the auditory meatus are well back and in a tubular growth of the periotic which is directed back, and upward in an entirely characteristic manner. The strong paroccipital processes project far below the base of the carnium. The concave palate is wide and carried well back behind the teeth ending in two strong pterygoid processes. The mandible is deep, especially the back portion; has a slender coronoid process, and a small rounded articular condyle which would seem to indicate a forward and backward motion of the jaws. On account of the agreement with these general features, I have placed among the _Typotheria_ the forms which Ameghino classified as _Hyracoidea_. While agreeing in the above general features, there is great variation among the various forms. The first upper and lower incisor may be greatly enlarged or of normal size. There is a tendency for the third upper and lower incisor, the canines, and the first premolars to be reduced and disappear, and all intermediate grades are found. In the molars there is a regular tendency toward simplification; so that in the upper molars of the earlier forms there is a deep inner fold and a more moderate outer fold, either or both of which may disappear completely, though in one series the fold seems to have been accentuated instead of lost. The feet may be adapted to running or hopping.