Transcriber’s Note: This e-text is reproduced from the original typescript submitted by the author for her bachelor’s degree. Whilst undoubtedly she would have liked it to be error-free, it wasn’t, and for authenticity the typos etc. have been left in situ--save for the incorporation of her handwritten corrections, and some attention to missing/extraneous punctuation/spacing. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CERTAIN TENDENCIES IN MODERN OPERA BY KATHRYN ELEANOR BROWNE THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF MUSIC IN MUSIC SCHOOL OF MUSIC UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1917 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS June 1, 1907 THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY KATHRYN ELEANOR BROWNE ENTITLED THE DEVELOPMENT OF CERTAIN TENDENCIES IN MODERN OPERA. IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF MUSIC George F. Schwartz Instructor in Charge APPROVED: J Lawrence Erb HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF Music THE DEVELOPMENT OF CERTAIN TENDENCIES IN MODERN OPERA. Table of Contents. Introduction Page 3. I The Beginnings of Opera to Gluck Page 5. II Gluck Page 14. III Rossini and His School up to Wagner Page 20. IV Wagner Page 27. V Post Wagnerian School--Including Modern Russian, French, Italian, German and American Composers. Page 34. VI Appendix of Tables Page 44. Table I, General Page 46. Table II, Number and Kind of Characters Page 48. Table III, Orchestration Page 50. Table IV, Solos Page 52. Table V, Recitative Page 54. Table VI, Ensemble Page 56. Table VII, Chorus Page 58. VII Bibliography Page 60. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CERTAIN TENDENCIES IN MODERN OPERA. INTRODUCTION.