The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern TimesBiese, Alfred
History
The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern Times
Biese, Alfred
Nature; Nature in literature
The wretched bloody and usurping boar
That spoil'd your summer fields and fruitful vines,
Swills your warm blood like wash and makes his trough
In your embowell'd bosoms; this foul swine
Lies now even in the centre of this isle.
The tiger now hath seized the gentle hind.
(_Richard III._)
The smallest objects are noted:
As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods;
They kill us for their sport. (_King Lear._)
_Marcus_: Alas! my lord, I have but kill'd a fly.
_Titus_: But how if that fly had a father and a mother?
How would he hang his slender gilded wings,
And buzz lamenting doings in the air!
Poor harmless fly!
That, with his pretty buzzing melody,
Came here to make us merry! and thou
Hast kill'd him!
(_Titus Andronicus._)
Shakespeare has abundance of this idyllic miniature painting, for
which all the literature of the day shewed a marked taste.
Tamora says:
My lovely Aaron, wherefore look'st thou sad,
When everything doth make a gleeful boast?
The birds chant melody on every bush,
The snake lies rolled in the cheerful sun,
The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind
And make a chequer'd shadow on the ground.
(_Titus Andronicus._)
And Valentine in _Two Gentlemen of Verona_:
This shadowy desert, unfrequented woods,
I better brook than flourishing peopled towns;
Here can I sit alone, unseen of any,
And to the nightingale's complaining notes
Tune my distresses and record my woes.
Like this, in elegiac sentimentality, is Romeo:
Before the worshipp'd sun
Peer'd forth the golden window of the east....
Many a morning hath he there been seen
With tears augmenting the fresh morning's dew.
_Cymbeline, Winter's Tale_, and _As You Like It_ are particularly
rich in idyllic traits; the artificiality of court life is contrasted
with life in the open; there are songs, too, in praise of woodland
joys:
Under the greenwood tree
Who loves to lie with me,
And tune his merry note
Unto the sweet bird's throat,
Come hither, come hither, come hither!
Here shall he see
No enemy
But winter and rough weather.
(_As You Like It._)
Blow, blow, thou winter wind,
Thou art not so unkind
As man's ingratitude.
Thy tooth is not so keen,
Because thou art not seen
Altho' thy breath be rude.
Heigh-ho, sing heigh-ho unto the green holly!
Most friendship is feigning, most loving mere folly![4]
(_As You Like It._)
Turning again to comparisons, we find birds used abundantly:
More pity that the eagle should be mewed
While kites and buzzards prey at liberty.
(_Richard III._)
True hope is swift and flies with swallow's wings.
(_Richard III._)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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