The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern TimesBiese, Alfred
History
The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern Times
Biese, Alfred
Nature; Nature in literature
Rousseau certainly announced his views with all the fervour of a
prophet proclaiming a newly-discovered truth. The sketch St Preux
gives of the country that 'deserved a year's study,' in the
twenty-third letter to Julia, is very poetic. He is ascending a rocky
path when a new view breaks upon him:
One moment I beheld stupendous rocks hanging ruinous over my
head; the next, I was enveloped in a drizzling cloud, which arose
from a vast cascade that, dashing, thundered against the rocks
below my feet. On one side a perpetual torrent opened to my view
a yawning abyss, which my eyes could hardly fathom with safety;
sometimes I was lost in the obscurity of a hanging wood, and then
was greatly astonished with the sudden opening of a flowery
plain.
He was always charmed by 'a surprising mixture of wild and cultivated
Nature':
Here Nature seems to have a singular pleasure in acting
contradictory to herself, so different does she appear in the
same place in different aspects. Towards the east, the flowers of
spring; to the south, the flowers of autumn; and northwards, the
ice of winter. Add to that the illusions of vision, the tops of
the mountains variously illumined, the harmonious mixture of
light and shade....
After climbing, he reflects:
Upon the top of mountains, the air being subtle and pure, we
respire with greater freedom, our bodies are more active, our
minds more serene, our pleasures less ardent, and our passions
much more moderate. Our meditations acquire a degree of sublimity
from the grandeur of the objects around us. It seems as if, being
lifted above all human society, we had left every low terrestrial
sentiment behind.
He can find no words to express 'the amazing variety, magnitude, and
beauty of a thousand stupendous objects, the pleasure of gazing at an
entire new scene ... and beholding, as it were, another Nature and a
new world.'
Earlier in the year he wrote his letters to Julia upon a block of
stone in his favourite wild spot, and the wintry landscape harmonized
with his feelings:
I run to and fro, climb the rocks and explore my whole district,
and find everything as horrible without as I experienced it
within. There is no longer any verdure to be seen, the grass is
yellow and withered, the trees are stripped of their foliage, and
the north-east blast heaps snow and ice around me. In short, the
whole face of Nature appears as decayed to my outward senses as I
myself from within am dead to hope and joy.
Julia, too, is enthusiastic about places, where 'no vestiges are seen
of human toil, no appearance of studied and laborious art; every
object presents only a view of the tender care of Nature, our common
mother.'
When St Preux knows that she returns his love, his sympathy for
Nature overflows:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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