[Footnote 41: Comp. H. von Eichen, _Geschichte und System der mittelalterlichen Weltanschauung_. Stuttg. Cotta, 1887.] CHAPTER III [Footnote 1: Prutz, _Geschichte der Kreuzzüge_. Berlin, 1883.] [Footnote 2: Allatius, _Symmicta_. Coeln, 1653.] [Footnote 3: _Deutsche Pilgerreisen nach dem heiligen Lande_, Roehricht und Meissner. Berlin, 1880.] [Footnote 4: For excellent bibliographical evidence see _Die geographische Kenntnis der Alpen im Mittelalter_ in supplement to _Münchner Allgem. Zeitung_, January 1885.] [Footnote 5: Comp. Oehlmann, _Die Alpenpässe im Mittelalter, Jahrbuch für Schweizer_.] [Footnote 6: Biese, _op. cit._] [Footnote 7: Fr. Diez, _Leben und Werke der Troubadours_. Zwickau, 1829] [Footnote 8: _Des Minnesangs Frühling_, von Lachmann-Haupt.] [Footnote 9: _Geschichte der Malerei._ Woermann und Wottmann.] [Footnote 10: 'Detailed study of Nature had begun; but the attempt to blend the separate elements into a background landscape in perspective betrayed the insecurity and constraint of dilettante work at every point.' Ludwig Kämmerer on the period before Van Eyck in _Die Landschaft in der deutschen Kunst bis zum Tode Albrecht Dürers_. Leipzig, 1880] CHAPTER IV [Footnote 1: _Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien._] [Footnote 2: _Untersuchungen über die kampanische Wandmalerei._ Leipzig, 1873.] [Footnote 3: Comp. Schnaase, _op. cit._] [Footnote 4: _Argon_, ii. 219; iii. 260, 298. Comp. Cic. _ad Att._, iv. 18, 3.] [Footnote 5: _Renaissance und Humanismus in Italien und Deutschland._ Berlin, 1882. (Oncken, _Allgemeine Geschichte in Einzeldarstettungen_, ii. 8.)] [Footnote 6: _Itinerar. syr._, Burckhardt ii.] [Footnote 7: _Loci specie percussus_, Burckhardt i.] [Footnote 8: In his paper 'Kulturgeschichte und Naturwissenschaft' (_Deutsche Rundschau_, vol. xiii.), which is full both of original ideas and of exaggerated summary opinions, Du Bois Reymond fails to do justice to this, and altogether misjudges Petrarch's feeling for Nature. After giving this letter in proof of mediæval feeling, he goes on to say: 'Full of shame and remorse, he descends the mountain without another word. The poor fellow had given himself up to innocent enjoyment for a moment, without thinking of the welfare of his soul, and instead of gloomy introspection, had looked into the enticing outer world. Western humanity was so morbid at that time, that the consciousness of having done this was enough to cause painful inner conflict to a man like Petrarch--a man of refined feeling, and scientific, though not a deep thinker.' Even granting this, which is too tragically put, the world was on the very eve of freeing itself from this position, and Petrarch serves as a witness to the change.] [Footnote 9: Comp., too, _De Genealogia Deorum_, xv., in which he says of trees, meadows, brooks, flocks and herds, cottages, etc., that these things 'animum mulcent,' their effect is 'mentem in se colligere.']